1	ABS-11	Disaster analysis
FLOOD AND LANDSLIDE VULNERABILITY AS NATURAL HAZARD IN PAREPARE CITY Safruddim, A.M. Imran, Busthan, Hendra Pachri Geological Engineering Study Program, Hasanuddin University, Geology Engineering Building, Engineering Faculty, Gowa Campus Jl. Poros Malino, Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. safruddimahmad[at]yahoo.co.id Abstract Natural disaster risk is considered in regional planning in order to reduce risk potency. Parepare is one of the district in South Sulawesi which has natural disaster potency such as flood, landslide and hurricane. Parepare lies in a very strategic area which is connecting the northern and southern parts of South Sulawesi. As a strategic area, Parepare grows rapidly and therefore the land conversion from forest and paddy field to settlement also increases. Impact of increasing settlement and other infrastructures are decreasing land capacity and tend to increase disaster potency. The natural disaster study indicates 3 major potencies arising: flooding which dominantly occurs in Karajae River, landslide which commonly took place in hilly topography and hurricane everywhere in the city. To handle this condition at least 3 step should be applied: a) prevention that includes all efforts of disappearing in reducing disaster; b) mitigation covered reducing disaster impact and c) preparedness activity for anticipating disaster. Keywords: City of Parepare, disaster, vulnerability, land capacity. PermaLink | Plain Format

2	ABS-12	Disaster analysis
Olistostrome and its Implications to Geological Disaster on Coastal Area With Special Reference to the Bantimala Tectonic Complex, Pangkep Regency South Sulawesi Province Kaharuddin*), A.M. Imran *), Chalid Idham Abdullah**), Asri Jaya*) *) Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Malino Cross Street Km. 6 Bontomarnnu, Gowa 92172, **) Geological Engineering Department, Earth Science Faculty and Technology, Bandung Technology Institute , Bandung 40116 Abstract Olistostrome is clastic sedimentary rock, its formation related to tectonic activity along the plate subduction edge on the front region of the accretion prism. Its formation is a submarine landslide with a mud flow sediment mass. The material components can be mixed from various continental and oceanic sources. As in the complex area of Bantimala tectonics, olistostrome shows typical properties of ugly sorting, floating rock blocks in the sandy matrix, tectonite textures, constituent rocks generally in the form of metamorphic rocks of subdusion and plate collision. The criterion shows the submarine sludge deposits formed in the subduction tectonic area of the marine trough environment where there is an increase in slope due to subduction accretion. This study aims to examine the characteristics of olistostrome as a landslide deposit in the subduction zone in relation to the correlation of disaster in convergent tectonic areas in the present. In the area of Bantimala the exposure of olistostrome rock are large enough with large dimensions with a megalandslide. This can happen by earthquakes or critical slope in the past. This phenomenon can be a reference to disaster present-day in subduction areas, as in the island arc of Indonesia, which is a collision area of three large plates, very vulnerable to this disaster. Submarine landslide can cause disaster to infrastructure, telecommunication cable, gas hydrate dissolution, tsunami disaster and environmental destruction of marine benthos Keywords: olistostrome, geological disaster, landslide, Bantimala PermaLink | Plain Format

3	ABS-24	Disaster analysis
Volcanic rocks petrology and geochemistry at Kolaka Region: Implications to the tectonic history of the Southeast Arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia Musri Mawaleda(a*), Adi Maulana(a), Asri Jaya(a), Sun-Lin Chung(b,c), Hao-Yang Lee(b,c), Xiaoran Zhang(b,c), Marnie Forster(d), Johannes Hutabarat(e) (a) Department of Geology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University; Kampus II, Jl. Poros Malino Km.6-Borongloe, Gowa, Indonesia. (b) National Taiwan University; Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, P.O. Box13-318, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (c) Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. (d) Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia. (e) Geology Engineering Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java. Indonesia Abstract The presence of Late Miocene trachyte-dacite volcanic rocks in the Kolaka District, Southeast Arm of Sulawesi, provides a new understanding of the geological and tectonic history of the region. These volcanic rocks intruded metamorphic rocks and produce hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. Hydrothermal mineralization includes Antimony, Arsenopyrite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Galena and gold with the host of Mica Schist and Chlorite Schist metamorphic rocks. The results of geochemical analysis of trachyte-dacite show the affinity "High-K Calc-Alkaline Series". Whereas based on the Zr/Y - Zr discriminant diagram showing the geological environment of its formation on "E-MORB + Within Plate. Keywords: Volcanic, Miocene, tectonic, gold, mineralization, Southeast, Sulawesi, Indonesia PermaLink | Plain Format

4	ABS-25	Disaster analysis
Miocene catastrophic at Rumbia Complex based on 40Ar/39Ar radiometric age dating: Implications to geological history and Metallogeny in the Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Musri MAWALEDA(a*), Marnie FORSTER(b), Emmy SUPARKA(c), Chalid Idham ABDULLAH(c), and Jamal Rauf HUSAIN(a) (a) Department of Geology Engineering, Hasanuddin University; Kampus II Jl. Poros Malino Km.6 Borongloe, Gowa, Indonesia. (b) Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia (c) Institute of Technology Bandung; Jl. Ganeca No. 10 Bandung, Indonesia Abstract The Rumbia Complex is located in the Southern part of the Southeast Arm of Sulawesi is one of the regional Metamorphic Complexes in the Sulawesi Island. Based on the results of 40Ar/39Ar radiometric age dating of three metamorphic rock units from this area, it is shows the age spectrum reflecting that there have been three major geologic events at the Rumbia Complex during the Miocene. This great geological event is interpreted as a result of amalgamation between the microplates of Rumbia, Mekongga, and Meluhu, forming the Southeast Arm of Sulawesi, as we known today. It appears that this great popular geological event referred to as this catastrophic, is responsible for the abundance of Nickel Laterite ore deposits, and other sulfide ore minerals in the Southeast Arm of Sulawesi. Keywords: Dating, 40Ar/39Ar, catastrophic, Miocene, Southeast, Arm, Sulawesi, Indonesia PermaLink | Plain Format

5	ABS-42	Disaster analysis
The Disaster Resolving on Tourism Settlements in Small Islands Shirly Wunas, Mimi Arifin, Pratiwi Mushar Hasanuddin University Abstract The increasing number of tourists visiting in small islands has directly affected the development of low-income settlements spontaneously to support the tourists accommodation, but the development itself has, at the same time, ignored the humanistic environment. Several of cities in Indonesias belong to the high risk index of disasters, including Samalona Island of Makassar City. Therefore, the planning components to resolving disasters on tourism settlements in small islands are needed as follows: 1) identifying the role of elements in the natural mitigation and in the artificially structural mitigation that is available, and the role of local residents to overcome disasters in the coastline of small islands, 2) analyzing the condition of abrasion disasters like storms, gale, and flood tides towards the houses, gazebos, and stalls in small islands. In order to achieve the purpose, The data come from the observations, sketches, and direct interviews with the local people owning the houses, gazebos, or stalls. The analysis with sustainable approaches is to reach the development of small island destinations that are safe, comfortable, environmentally friendly, and able to increase the incomes of the local residents. The research results describe several mitigation elements in small islands such as the local vegetation with tree trunk diameter is 1.5-2.0m, the branching system covers 80% of the island area. The coastal areas have no more natural mitigation elements to block gales, wave pressures, and tides. However, the roles of society can be seen in the existence of structural mitigation elemnets such as locally wooden breakest water conventionally made. The condition of abrasion disasters and gales can be found by the changes of beach sand shape not parallel with the seasons, the site of houses, gazebos, and stalls that are always moved in safe locations temporarily. The planning components to resolving disasters in tourism settlements of small islands are landscape recoveries (vegetation replanting) on disaster-prone locations (gales and abrasions) for the settlements in coastlines, building the sea embankment that has double functions (breakwaters and pedestrian ways), and displacing the houses that are suitable with wind intensity and building height (landed houses or elevated houses). Keywords: Disaster, houses, mitigation elements, small Island, tourism settlement. PermaLink | Plain Format

6	ABS-60	Disaster analysis
Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and Its Impact on the Submerged Buildings: The Case of Makassar Coastal City Slamet Trisutomo (a*), Sudirman (b) a) Laboratory of Waterfront City, Engineering Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Gowa 92173, Indonesia *trisutomo[at]gmail.com b) Architecture Department, Engineering Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Gowa 92173, Indonesia Abstract Referring to International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report, the global warming will affect on the sea level rise over the world. This phenomenon will be a serious issue particularly for coastal city such as Makassar. This research aims to predict the inundation areas along the coastal of the city due to sea level rise, and its impact on the number of building units which will be drowned by inundation. The focus of the research was on the coastal area of Makassar city; it covers 25 neighborhoods which have 4,647.1649 ha area and sited by 32.929 building units Data of neighborhoods administrative area were collected from the RTRW Makassar, while the building units in each neighborhood were gained from digitized map downloaded from Google Earth. Based on the DEM ALOS PALSAR and by applying GIS, the inundation area and the number of buildings could be predicted. In a scenario of 25 cm rise from the current tidal level, the predicted inundation will be 1,290.0025 ha (= 27.75%) and the amount of threatened buildings will be 1,153 units. In terms of 50 cm and 75 cm rise, the total inundation areas and the amount of threatened buildings show the similarity with the rise of 25 cm. On the other hand 100 cm rise predicts the inundation area will be 30.7468 ha and the total number of threatened buildings will be 1,645 units. As conclusions, coastlines are the vulnerable area and it is recommended that to avoid flood and inundation, the ground floor of buildings should be higher the inundation level. Keywords: Coastal inundation, submerged buildings, coastal Makassar PermaLink | Plain Format

7	ABS-76	Disaster analysis
Zonation of Landslide Susceptibility using Weight of Evidence (WoE) Method in Tajur Area, Bogor Regency, West Java Province Rizki Azizah AM (a*), Ilham Alimuddin (a), Agustinus T (a) a) Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Street, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia *rizkiazizah21[at]gmail.com Abstract Tajur area is one of region that are prone to landslide occurence. This caused by geological conditions are not stable and high rainfall. Administratively, research area included in Citeureup District and Jonggol District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. Astronomically, research area is located at the coordinates 106,9167 - 106,95 East Longitude and -6,5167 - -6,55 South Latitude. The aims of this research to know geological condition of research area and landslide susceptibility zonation using Weight of Evidence (WoE) method. The geological conditions of research area consists of geomorphology that is hill morphology unit, stratigraphy consists of claystone unit and limestone unit, the structure of research area is Kali Bekasi thrust fault. The parameters which used for analysis the causes of landslide susceptibility are slope, geology, rainfall, soil type, land use, and distance from river. There were 20 landslides were identified in this research area and randomly divided into two groups of modelling/training data sets (55%) and validation/test data sets (45%). The quantitative relationship between each point of landslide and parameters mentioned above was established by WoE in each class. The validation result of WoE method acquired values of AUC were 0,6941 that shows landslide susceptibility model based on the selection of parameters and sufficiency of landslide data have good result. That value reclassified into 4 classes of susceptibility, that are high (41%), medium (4%), low (5%), and very low (50%). Keywords: geological condition; landslide susceptibility; weight of evidence PermaLink | Plain Format

8	ABS-86	Disaster analysis
THE THREAT OF EXTREME WAVE DISASTERS AND COASTAL ABRASION IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF MAKASSAR CITY Jasmani(1), Ahmad Faizal(2), Mahatma Lanuru(3) 1) alumna of graduate program integrated coastal resources management, Hasanuddin University, disaster activist, (jasmanighadi[at]gmail.com), 085298785258 2) Marine Science lecturer, Faculty of marine science and fisheries, Hasanuddin University (faizal279xl[at]gmail.com) 3) Marine Science lecturer, Faculty of marine science and fisheries, Hasanuddin University (mahat70[at]gmail.com) Abstract ABSTRACT Global warming has great effect on the climate changes and the hidro-oceanography activities in the ocean, has caused threats of the extreme wave disassters and the caoastal abrasion along the coastal areas. This research aims to investigate the level of the extreme wave threats and the comparative descriptive analysis method. In order to look at the causality correlation between the study parameter and the interpretation parameter which is used to draw a conclusion about the disaster level of threat of the extreme wave and the coastal abrasion. The data analysis uses the software of QGIS 2.8.11 and the analysis table is taken from the regulation of chief of the Naional Disasster Management Agency number 2 of 2012, which has been modified by the author based on the local conditions of the research location. The research results indicate that the coastal areas of Makassar city have threats of the extreme waves and the coastal abrasion with the total threat value ranging from 1,30-3,00. The threat of extreme wave disaster and the category of the abrasion were high in the coastal area of Tamalate, which has the total threat values of to 3,00, while the threat categories in the sub-districts of Wajo, Ujung Tanah, and Tallo were medium ranging from 1,70 to 2,20. The lowest categories were found in the sub-districts of Biringkanaya, Tamalanrea, and Mariso of which the threats range from 1,3 to 1,6.Decreasing the disaster risk can be done through several strategies, including developing a disaster management plan, establishing a program of desreasing disaster risk, creating an early disaster warning system, and disseminating the program of decreasing disaster risk to the coastal comunity. Keywords: Coastal Areas, Disaster threats, Extreme Waves, Abrasion PermaLink | Plain Format

9	ABS-88	Disaster analysis
The Correlation of Soil Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index for Predicting Soil Susceptibility: A Case Study on Landslides area in South Sulawesi Asmita Ahmad(a*), Christianto Lopulisaa(a), A.M. Imran(b), Sumbangan Baja(a) Hasanuddin University Abstract This research aims to analyze characteristic of liquid limit and plasticity index of soil to predict soil susceptibility on landslides area in four district of South Sulawesi which have a high intensity of landslides event. Soil sampling was done in sixteen soil profile on A, B, and C horizon. The experiment used split-split plot design with three replications. ASTM-D method was used for calculation the liquid limit, plasticity limit and index plasticity. The average value of liquid limit in landslides area was 67.91%, plasticity limit was 52.22%, and index plasticity was 16.23%. Statistical test showed a correlation between landslides event with soil characteristic on each horizon with significant at P < 0.05. The least significant difference test showed the correlation between landslides event with soil characteristic on A and B horizon, and not significant on C horizon. The Soil with 67.91% of liquid limit value and 16.22% of index plasticity classified as a silt of high plasticity with low cohesiveness, and it is very susceptible to trigger a landslide Keywords: liquid limit, plasticity index, soil, landslides, susceptible PermaLink | Plain Format

10	ABS-20	Disaster monitoring and mitigation
GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION FOR NATURAL HAZARD MITIGATION MODEL IN SOUTH SULAWESI ADI MAULANA Geology Department Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University Makassar, South Sulawesi Abstract South Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia with highest economic growth index. This situation gives an impact to the intensive infrastructure development including road access, bridge, dam, airport, seaport and other public facilities in the province. However, due to geological complexity of the region, the infrastructures developments are threatened by natural hazard especially earthquake, landslide, tsunami and flooding. The occurrences of these natural hazards are regionally controlled by geological condition including geomorphology, stratigraphy and structure geology. Therefore, in order to mitigate these natural hazards, geological consideration should be taken into account in natural hazard mitigation scheme. This study outlines the model for natural hazard mitigation in South Sulawesi using geological consideration of the region. Keywords: geology; natural hazard; mitigation; South Sulawesi PermaLink | Plain Format

11	ABS-30	Disaster monitoring and mitigation
Mass Movement Disaster Risk Mitigation in Clapar District and Sourounding Area, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Eko Teguh Paripurno, Joko Hartadi, Sugeng Raharjo, Oktavia Dewi Alfiani Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta Jalan Padjadjaran, Condongcatur, Yogyakarta 55283 paripurno[at]upnyk.ac.id Abstract Mass movement that affected by gravitation as it went down were mainly occurred repeatedly during rainy season in same area. Until now, there was no clear method to anticipate it. Therefore, a maximum management was unable to be implemented. Banjarnegara regency-Central Java, known as one of the highly risk regency. The movement typeset was not also avalanche, but also flow, collapse, creep, and complex movement. Mass movement research during 2017-2018 showed that land and rock in Clapar and its surrounding, was horizontally moved for 0.15-0.58 meter, and vertically moved for 0.01- 0.31 meter. Community based disaster risk management can be utilised to mitigate mass movement through direct adaptation on land and building or cropping type and pattern. Keywords: Community Based Disaster Risk Management, Mass Movement Management, Banjarnegara Regency PermaLink | Plain Format

12	ABS-51	Disaster monitoring and mitigation
Analysis Characteristics Embedded Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors for Crack Detection in Concrete Structures A. Arifin (a*), Kasmiah G. (a), Muhammad Yunus (a), Syamsir Dewang (a), Bualkar Abdullah (a), Dahlang Tahir (a) a) Physics Department, Faculty of MIPA, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245 Indonesia *arifinpide[at]gmail.com Abstract Plastic optical fiber (POF) used as sensors to detect cracks in concrete structures. Sensors made using straight, sinusoidal, loop, and triangle configurations. The POF connected to LED light source and photodetector. The light from LED will propagate along the embedded POF in the concrete then received by the photodetector and measured using by Optical Power Meter in the form of output power displayed on the computer. Sensor testing done by putting pressure on the concrete using the Ultimate Testing Machine until a crack occurs causing the POF in the concrete to experience strain. The strain of the POF sensor will cause power losses, so the light intensity received by the photodetector will be decreases. The best measurements obtained at triangle configuration sensors 60⁰ have characteristics with a range value of 1,975 μW, sensitivity of 0,790 μW/mm and resolution of 0,001 mm. Sensors based POF for measurement of cracks in concrete structures have the advantages like easy fabrication, low cost, simple measurement system, and high sensitivity. Keywords: Concrete; crack; optical fiber; polymer; sensor PermaLink | Plain Format

13	ABS-64	Disaster monitoring and mitigation
Geoindicator evaluation and mitigation recommendations of Coastal Change at Galesong Coastline, Takalar, Indonesia Rohaya Langkoke (a*), Ilham Alimuddin (b) Geological Department, Faculty of Enggeneering, Hasanuddin University *Email : langkoke_rohaya[at]yahoo.com Abstract Short-term rates of coastal change are high for Galesong Coastline because the communities are subjected to rapid development as well as high energy processes including coastal processes and human activities. The objective of this study is to evaluating coastal changing, coastline positions and mitigation to contribute to the diffusion of information about and the application of geoindicators. The methodological qualitative tools for rapid identification of risk potential.that is scientifically valid procedure used landsat, a geoindicator site elevation, andvegetation. Shoreline change, Beach width, slope, thickness,ofsite position relative to inlet or river mouth,coastal shape andengineering structures. Tabled evaluation parameters range from general (elevation and vegetation) to specific characteristics such as shoreline stability and configuration, inlet proximity, and barrier-island interior geomorphology. Geoindicators also provide guidance for local mitigation of hazard impacts. Galesong Coastline, Takalar, shows that the geoindicators approach is applicable to communities with extant management plans. Takalar coastline have five communities must reevaluate mitigation strategies after every storm and because of changes induced through development. By applying the geoindicators approach, shoreline reaches as well as interior areas may be reassigned as to the level of risk, and appropriate mitigation actions taken. Keywords: Geoindicator, Evaluation and Mitigation,Coastal change Takalar. PermaLink | Plain Format

14	ABS-103	Disaster monitoring and mitigation
The Existence of Mangrove Ecosystem as Nature Tourism Based on Global Warming Mitigation in Lakkang Island Mimi Arifin 1), Abdul Rachman Rasyid2), Jihan Jamaluddin3), Dimas Prayogi Setyo 4) Angga Armansyah5) Faculty of ngineering, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Poros Malino, Gowa 92119, Indonesia Abstract As conservation areas, Lakkang Island has a potential mangrove forest. However, there are dramatic decreases of mangrove areas because of human activities which are modified the mangrove areas into settlement, embankment, farmland, and farm. Many research found that mangrove possess several benefit for global warming mitigation, yet mangrove lacks unattended. The study aims to analyze the mangrove areas that has been reduced and given impact to diminishCO2 absorption, and to analyze the revitalization strategy of mangrove ecosystem. Spatial analysis (GIS) is used to illustrate the reduction of mangrove areas, and SWOT analysis (EFAS & IFAS) is used to receive the revitalization strategy.The result of purpose, 14,24 percent or 3 hectares mangrove area were transforming. Approximately 3.600 ton of CO2 is not absorption. The revitalization strategies are raised to participate of local community through the comprehension of mitigation function that arise a local environment quality and global environment quality, increased government participation and private participation to build facilities and infrastructures, mangrove areas enable to ecotourism that can growth the economy and the life quality for local community. Keywords: Ecotourism, Global Warming, Lakkang Island, Mangrove, Mitigation PermaLink | Plain Format

15	ABS-65	Emergency preparedness
Development of Fuzzy RUASP Model - Grasp Metaheuristics With Time Window: Case Study of Mount Semeru Eruption in East Java Amelia Santoso, Riky Adi putra, Dina Natalia Prayogo dan Joniarto Parung Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Surabaya Abstract Due to its geographical location, Indonesia is very vulnerable to the volcano eruption. Volcanic eruptions always bring impact to the surrounding community. According to Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management or Badan National Penanggungan Bencana (2016, www.bnpb.go.id), the volcano erupts as a result of volcanic activity (eruption). Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards. The eruption expelled hot lava, bursts of material (incandescent), volcanic ash, poisonous gases, etc from volcanic vent. In addition to causing a lot of casualties, the eruption some times caused tsunamies, also caused huge economic losses due to the number of damaged infrastructure and the need for high recovery costs. To mitigate the negative impact, especially the impact on the safety of the population, a disaster management is required. One of the concerns of disaster management is a proper allocation and scheduling of rescue teams in order to minimize evacuation time with expectations of saving as many lives as possible. For that purpose, RUASP (Rescue Unit Assignment and Scheduling Problem) optimization model by Rizqi (2016) is used as the initial model. This model has an objective to minimize a completion time of evacuation. This model considering many important factors, such as factors of severity of damages and capability of the rescue team. Though, there is still few crucial factors that have not been considered in this model. It is not yet considered a period for rescue teams to be able to perform their duties safely nor fuzzy time on the fields. Physical limitations and device limitations are the inhibiting factors for evacuation activities during low light conditions. However, this model has not considered a safe period for rescue teams while on duty. Therefore, we proposed a development model that considers safety time, by adding time window as a constraint and some adjustments to GRASP Metaheuristics steps. To achieve the objectives of this research, systematic and structured steps are required in order not to deviate from the path. The first step is to identify the problem. The second step is to do the necessary literature study. The third step is defining the formulation and the purpose of the problem to be achieved. The fourth step is to set up a scenario that consists of some data obtained in the field (such as the location of the incident) and some assumption data (such as operational time). The fuzzy data is collected from the town surrounding mount Semeru. The data obtained in the field is related to the number of location of the incident as many as 17 locations and the location of the post that is located in Kota Lumajang. The fifth step is to arrange MATLAB programming for the initial method of GRASP Metaheuristics. To test the model we use a certain historical data. The completion time of new model is 21.92% faster than the initial model with computation time of 12.56 seconds. Keywords: disaster, humanitarian logistics, scheduling dan allocating rescue team, GRASP Metaheuristics, time window PermaLink | Plain Format

16	ABS-67	Emergency preparedness
Prediction Model For Humanitarian Logistics With Local Characteristics For Volcano Disaster Joniarto Parung, Amelia Santoso, Dina Natalia Prayogo, Gladys Filani and Novianti Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Surabaya Abstract The volcanic eruption disaster always gives an impact on the community around the disaster location. Rapid responses, as well as prompt and responsive assistance, are needed to reduce the impact and number of victims. During the emergency response period in some cases of our research, there is often a shortage of relief items delivered in some locations, although relief items are available in other locations. This is partly because impact prediction and contingency plans have not been optimal and have not considered the local characteristics that could affect the impact of the eruption. Therefore, a model for humanitarian logistics with local characteristics is needed to predict the impacts and needs of the victims of the volcanic eruption. The model took into account the specific factors in each volcano combined with the flow of goods and the flow of information from all parties involved. This model predicted the radius of impact of eruption based on factors that exist in every mount. This study explored an interrelated prediction model between the impact, the number of victims, and at the last, total number of relief items. The prediction model considered wind direction, seasons when the eruption occurs, shape and steepness of the mountain, the presence and position of the river, population density, and so forth so that the affected area is varied accordingly to the conditions of the eruption. A prediction model testing was conducted with case studies on 2 different volcanoes in East Java Province Keywords: humanitarian logistics, emergency response, local characteristics PermaLink | Plain Format

17	ABS-87	Emergency preparedness
Perceptions and Adaptation Strategies of the Community Against Flood Risk at the Estuary Riverbank of Bone River, Gorontalo Province Sri Maryati1, Sunarty Eraku1, Muh Kasim2 1 Geography Education Study Program, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, 96128 Indonesia 2 Engineering Geology Study Program, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, 96128 Indonesia Abstract Indonesia is a country prone to natural disasters that are influenced by natural factors and human factors. Natural disasters that commonly occur in Indonesia are floods, sea tides, landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, and drought. Among these disasters, floods are the most frequent natural disasters in various parts of Indonesia. Based on BNPB, during 2015 there were 1732 incidence of disasters in Indonesia, 92.67 percent of the disasters are landslides, tornado and flood. During 2017, 979 incidence of flood disaster were occurred in Indonesia where 2.518.578 people were affected by the flood disaster. Considering that flood is a common disaster in Indonesia, people should have flood preparedness. This research was conducted at the estuary of Bone River Gorontalo Province. The Bone River is one of the longest rivers in Gorontalo Province that cross Bone Bolango Regency and Gorontalo City. There are many communities living in river estuaries that belong to densely populated areas, so this research is very important to know perception and adaptation strategy of society to flood disaster. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to the community and analyzed quantitatively. The results show that most respondents know that they live in flood prone areas, floods can cause various impacts, and floods can be prevented and minimized. The research result are expected to be useful in decision making process for decreasing flood disaster risk at the estuary of Bone River Gorontalo Province. Keywords: Flood disaster, Community Perception, Adaptation Strategy PermaLink | Plain Format

18	ABS-68	Health risk
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS AGAINST BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF CUTLERY ON THE SMALL ISLAND OF MAKASSAR Agus Bintara Birawida(a*), Makmur Selomo (a), Suriah (b) a)Departmen Of Public Health, Hasanuddin University Jalan P.Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia *agusbirawida[at]gmail.com b) Departmen of Health Promotion and Education, Hasanuddin University Jalan P.Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia Abstract Unclean cutlery can be contaminated by bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the cutlery can be due to poor seller hygiene behavior as well as the application of unsanitary feeding sanitation. This study aims to determine the description of hygiene and sanitation with bacterial contamination on the cutlery in elementary School in Barrang Lompo, Makassar. The type of this research is descriptive research. The sample consists of two components, namely respondent and food samples. Respondent data were obtained by using questionnaires and observation sheet. The food samples were taken using the swab method (rubbing the cutlery surface) and then taken to the microbiology laboratory for testing of bacterial biochemistry. A total of 5 respondents and 15 pieces of cutlery. From biochemical identification, 7 bacteria were found from 15 samples. Gram positive bacteria amounted to 46.7% and gram negative amount of 53.3%. The types of bacteria identified from the cutlery consist of; Bacillus sp., Enterobacter hafniae, Enterobacter cloacea, Enterobacter aerogenes, Acinobacter calcoaceticus, Alcaligenes faecalis and Klebsiella sp. The conclusions of this study are all samples of food tested containing bacteria due to personal hygiene and sanitation of eating utensils that are less good so that trigger the onset of bacteria. The quality of washing water, washing methods and the completeness of sanitary tools such as shelves of cutlery should be the concern of traders to create good sanitation of cutlery so that cutlery can be spared from bacterial contamination. Keywords: Bacteria, Cutlery , Hygiene and Sanitation PermaLink | Plain Format

19	ABS-105	Health risk
EVALUATION OF PROGRAM HYGIENE SANITATION DEPOT AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERI COLIFORM IN DRINKING WATER REFILL Alfina Baharuddin Student pogram Doctor Medical FK UNHAS Departement of environmental health FKM UMI Abstract The fulfillment of the quality of healthy drinking water needs to get great attention because it concerns the lives of many people. if this problem does not get serious attention, it will certainly lead to health. on the other hand the AMIU depot continued to increase. Permits must be tightened, as well as sanitation personal hygiene monitors need to get routine supervision. This study aims to determine the contamination of coliform bacteria, and evaluation of personal hygiene programs in slums and elite areas in refill drinking water depots in Makassar City. This type of research is analytical descriptive. with the Quasy Experiment Design method, with the Pre-Post Test One Group. Sample checking using the MPN (Most Probable Number) method. the research location is in Mariso Subdistrict and Panakkukang Subdistrict. The research sample was 10 AMIU depots. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, which was based on criteria. The results showed that the highest coliform bacteria in Mariso district were 1500 / 100ml while the highest in Panakukang was 2400 / 100ml. Assessment of personal hygiene behavior in the Mariso Kec Knowledge (p = 0.03), attitude (p = 0.001) and action (p = 0.001) have a significant difference p> 0.05. Whereas in the district of Panakkukang Ie knowledge (p = 0.00), and the action (p = 0.000) had a significant difference p> 0.05. It is expected that the depot owners should improve the quality of hygiene sanitation of the depot owners to require the depot officers to use gloves when refilling drinking water Keywords: Coliform, program evaluation, behavior PermaLink | Plain Format

20	ABS-8	Human factors
Government Responsibility in the Settlement of Disaster Observed from the aspect of Human Rights Primus Aryesam Faculty Of Law De La Salle catholic University Manado North Sulawesi-Indonesia. Abstract The purpose of this research is to study government responsibility in protecting the people from the impact of disaster in guarantee of fulfilling human rights to every person to live and secure performing his/her activity. The method of research is legal normative. The analysis on the primary and secondary legal materials are conducted comparatively and systematically and the result are explained descriptively and systematically. The result of the research indicates that the urgency of establishing legislation regulations in the settlement of disaster is focused on the disaster settlement such as; emergency action, rehabilitation, reconstruction in case there is natural, unnatural and social disaster in order to provide legal certainty and justice to the victims of disaster. Law enforcement is necessary to impose measures on the parties in abusing peoples confidence to help me victims of natural, unnatural and social disaster. Other problem that arouse in the settlement of disaster is that there is no effective coordination among the concerned government instances, resulting in the emergence of problems at the field concerning the competence of the instances, where as preparation in encountering disaster needs good planning so that the performance will be running well. As conclusion, government responsibility in the settlement of disaster, observed from the aspect of human rights, is performed through determination of development policy potential for the emergence of disaster, activity of disaster prevention, emergency action, and rehabilitation to prevent matters that may threatening and disturbing the life and the living as fulfillment of the rights to live freely from fear and anxiety as result of disaster threat, cause by natural factor, unnatural factor as well as human beings resulting in the death of human life, environmental damages, loss possession and psychological impact. Keywords: Government Responsibility,Settlement of Disaster,Human Rigths PermaLink | Plain Format

21	ABS-55	Human factors
Influence of Person Organization Fit, Emotional Resources On Affective Commitment Mediated by Emotional exhausted among Nurses Health Services Mining Area at South Sulawesi Ekafadly Jusuf; Muhammad Asdar; Nurdjannah Hamid; Idrus Taba 1. Faculty of Economic and Business of Hasanuddin University 2. Vale Indonesia Abstract Abstract Research aims is to develop a theoretical model that explains the role of Burnout mediation in the relationship between Burnout determinants from the emotional aspect, including POF and emotional resources, and consequent affective commitment. This research is a quantitative research with survey data collection method with questionnaire instrument, and descriptive data analysis method with inferential method includes ANOVA method and structural equation modeling. Data collection on the first eight health services, namely Puskesmas Nuha, Wawondula Public Health Center, Puskesmas, Wasuponda, Malili Health Center, Wotu Health Center, FKTP Vale Sorowako, FKTP Vale Wawondula, FKTP Vale Wasuponda and two hospitals located in Luwu Timur Regency, Inco Sorowako and I Lagaligo Regional General Hospital with a sample of 156 people. Findings show Person organization fit (individual fit of nurses with organization) has a significant negative effect on emotional exhausted of nurse and also for affective commitment.. Theoretical implications resulting from this research are Individual-organizational fit theory is a theory that is better able to explain burnout because individual-organizational fit also has a significant effect on emotional exhausted, in contrast to self-efficacy theory that has no impact on emotional exhausted. are only able to register basic human emotions and can not make them as one. Managers need to direct nurse support in a selective and specific manner. and highlight the nurses fit aspect with the organization to keep them out of burnout. Encourage ones self-efficacy nurse to remain moderate in providing good organizational feedback and support, for self-development resources for nurses, This study is the first to operationalize the emotional resource variables and emotional desires in the research model and see them directly in relation to Burnout. Keywords: Nurse, Emotional exhausted, Organizational Fit, Commitment PermaLink | Plain Format

22	ABS-57	Human factors
Influence of social expectations and organizational culture on burnout mediated work family conflicts Andi Zulkifli; Muhammad Ali; Cepi Pahlevi; Muh. Idrus Taba 1. Faculty Economic and Business, Hasanuddin University 2. Vale Indonesia Abstract This study aims to analyze (1) Influence of social expectations on the intensity of work of work and family conflict, (2) Influence of organizational culture on the intensity of work and family conflict, (3) Influence of social expectation on burnout, (4) Influence of organizational culture on burnout 5) Influence of social expectations on burnout through work and family conflicts, (6) Influence of organizational culture on burnout through work and family conflicts. The research method took a sample of 156 respondents of mining employees in Indonesia at the operator level. The analytical method uses the integration of factor analysis with the simultaneous equation modeling (SEM) estimation. The results showed (1) Social expectations have a positive effect on family work conflict (2) Organizational culture has no significant effect on family work conflict, (3) social expectations have direct and indirect effect on burnout, (4) Organizational culture has positive direct effect on burnout, (5) Social expectations have an indirect effect on burnout through family work conflict (6) Organizational culture has no direct effect on burnout through family work conflict. Keywords: Burnout, Work Conflict, family PermaLink | Plain Format

23	ABS-66	Human factors
Volunteer for Disasters: Roles and Contribution of Voluntary Based Emergency Response Groups in Indonesia Ihsan Nasir Emergency Management Program, Auckland University of Technology - New Zealand Abstract Disaster might disrupt the functioning of a community when its effects surpass the communitys ability to cope. Although most of the literatures in disaster management denote the fact that disaster victims can be self-reliant, support from outside is still needed when the destruction of physical assets, basic services and livelihoods are beyond the communitys capacity to thrive. One of the sources of support is from the service provided by volunteers that can make such a critical contribution in disaster. Volunteers are often from local surrounding communities, bystanders or even victims helping other victims who usually come in aid in large numbers to contribute flexible types of responses, sometimes with less proper standards of safety. When disaster strikes, these volunteers who initially came to join in the relief work can be very useful support during the immediate response. However, studies exploring the role of groups involved in disaster management in Indonesia are limited. There is little information about their motivations to join the group or the type of actions they perform in disaster. This study is expected to fill this gap by investigating the contribution of volunteer groups in disaster responses with a focus on Indonesia. This study aims to understand the nature of the volunteer groups in Indonesia who specifically providing response service in time of disaster in order to know their exact roles and contribution within the disaster management process. Keywords: disaster volunteerism; disaster volunteer; disaster response groups; emergent groups; community disaster response PermaLink | Plain Format

24	ABS-78	Human factors
Mitigate and Adapt To Climate Change on Among Stakeholder For Sustainability: Evaluation A Multi-Stakeholder Fora Approach of The Role Of Disaster Risk Management Iis Roin Widiati (a)*; Irianto (b) UNIVERSITAS YAPIS PAPUA Abstract Mitigation of Climate Change can contribute to reducing vulnerability and risk to natural and technological disasters. Increased disasters from climate change, already taking attention many countries to reduce their vulnerability to weather and climatic hazards, such as floods, cyclones, heatwaves and droughts. This paper aim to evaluate the Multi Stakeholder Fora (MSF) on Climate Change in Eastern of Indonesia. MSF in Eastern of Indonesia is established as a learning and collaboration forum to manage the different perspective of all stakeholders in the field of social, economics (business), legal, politics and governance and gathering their common strength to deal with the impact of climate change to contribute in disaster risk reduction. The scale and quality of stakeholder involvement in the elaboration of a climate-resilient development strategy will determine its legitimacy, the feasibility of its financing and the effectiveness of its implementation. This calls for a multi-stakeholder approach that involves public officials, businesses, and individual citizens in the definition of the issues and in the identification of the solutions, and which also empowers them to sustain their own livelihoods and aspirations by acting on their capacities. Keywords: Mitigation; Adaptation; Multi-Stakeholder Fora; PermaLink | Plain Format

25	ABS-81	Human factors
Consideration of Disaster Mitigation based on Visitor Awareness in Samalona Islet, Makassar Ria Wikantari (a*), Rahmi Amin Ishak (b), Imrianti (c), Abdul Mufti Radja (d) Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University Jalan Poros Malino Km.6 Bontomarannu, Gowa 92172 Indonesia Abstract Small islands that compose the Indonesia maritime continent are prone to marine disasters particularly storm surges. Samalona, an islet in Spermonde Archipelago about 6.8 km offshore of Makassar coastline experiences frequent extreme weather that affects its settlement such as repetitive damage or even total loss of buildings and infrastructures. It is an inhabited 2.4-hectare islet that contains 32 building units comprising houses, tourist lodges, public facilities, and coastal edifices such as wave breakers and boat piers. This research aims to examine disaster mitigation in islet settlements from the visitor perspective with Samalona Islet in Makassar serves as a case. The objectives are: (i) to identify significant variables of building and landscape features, local contexts, and natural threats based on visitor awareness, and (ii) to recommend a conceptual model for disaster mitigation. Data were collected through field observations and questionnaire surveys with accidentally sampled 34 visitors. Quantitative analysis was undertaken using Spearman correlation technique, supported by qualitative examination using visual and spatial descriptions. The result shows that the significant variables of building and landscape features are strengthening of the framework constructions of wall, roof, and foundation, also the building location. The significant variable of local contexts is strengthening of economic viability, while the significant variables of natural threats are subsequently abrasion, windstorm, and extreme waves. The most influencing factors of the visitor awareness are frequency and duration of visits. Visitors show awareness that preparedness to anticipate potential disaster is of utmost importance to enable reduction of damage by an actual disaster. This concludes that, according to visitor perspective, disaster mitigation for small island settlements should consider primarily structure of the building, the location, and economic viability of the settlement. A conceptual model is hence proposed based on these significant variables. Keywords: disaster mitigation, building feature, landscape topography, islet settlement, tourist destination PermaLink | Plain Format

26	ABS-91	Human factors
Save the World versus Man-Made Disaster: A Cultural Perspective Fathu Rahman Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Hasanuddin University Abstract This article review examines two sides of disaster that are inherent to be a part of human life. Through the cultural perspectives, disaster can be divided into two main parts, namely natural disasters that are given and other disasters caused by human activities that do not keep this nature well. Well natural guarding is closely related to 1) human behavior, 2) worldview, 3) awareness, and 4) caring. These four aspects can be examined from a cultural perspective which in turn will foster a new awareness for humans as the inhabitants of the earth. Save the World is the motto that persuades humans to safeguard the earth and the environment, while Man-Made Disaster is a human condemnation of another human that creates environmental damage that directly or indirectly leads to disaster. From two sides of this phenomenon will be discussed in this article reciprocally to see the common thread in which the cultural approach can be a recipient of these two poles. In other words, save the world versus man-made disaster will be discussed from a cultural perspective. Keywords: save the world, man-made disaster, disaster mitigation, cultural perspective PermaLink | Plain Format

27	ABS-9	Infrastructure and Environment
The Contamination and Characteristic of Metals Ni and Cr on Top Soil from soil Location TPA Antang Makassar, South Sulawesi Andi Artiningsih1, Hazairin Zubair2, A.M. Imran3, Sri Widodo4 UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA Abstract The contamination and characteristic of metals Ni and Cr at the location of soil TPA Antang Makassar on Top Soil layer has been investigated. The sample point is divided into four Lines, two Lines in the direction of groundwater flow (Line A and Line C), two Lines perpendicular to groundwater flow (Line B and Line D). Twelve samples were collected and analyzed using ICP-OES method, at a depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. This study aims to determine the characteristic of soil samples and to study the contamination of heavy metals in the environment of TPA Antang Makassar, South Sulawesi. The results showed that the concentration of metals Ni and Cr on TPA Antang Makassar has spread horizontally, with varying amounts in every depth, on the soil surface (Top Soil). The four TPA sites of Makassar are Line A, Line B, Line C and Line D for each depth, containing heavy metals Ni and Cr, far exceeding the threshold, except metal Cr for Line B at 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm depth in the range of 10 ppm (r = 0,74), still on the threshold set by the government of the Republic of Indonesia and the directorate general of the supervision of drugs and food. Keywords: TPA, Top Soil, Environment, Heavy Metal, South Sulawesi PermaLink | Plain Format

28	ABS-10	Infrastructure and Environment
Seismic resistant design of buildings-How to reduce casualties Herman Parung Hasanuddin University Abstract Earthquakes have caused many casualties due to collapse of buildings which have been designed and constructed improperly, although the seismic design codes have been introduced and implemented worldwide. Recent earthquake in Indonesia and other countries have witnessed that even after the introduction of so-called seismic design, many buildings have partially or totally collapsed due to seismic excitation. The buildings were made of steel and concrete, ranging from low rise to high-rise buildings. Findings from several major earthquakes will be presented. This article will focus on studying the possible causes of the buildings failures, ranging from design phase until the construction phase. The study will also try to analyze the responsibility of design consultant, contractor/builder, and also the building authority in effort to minimize the buildings failures leading to casualties. Action plan, including the implementation of newly-developed building code such as SNI will be highlighted. In addition, latest research results in the field of Seismic Design carried out at the Department of Civil Engineering Hasanudddin University Indonesia will be presented Keywords: seismic, failures, casualties PermaLink | Plain Format

29	ABS-17	Infrastructure and Environment
Influence of Artificial Long Term Aging on Tensile Strength of Asphalt Concrete Containing Modified Natural Bitumen A. R. Djamaluddin (a*), M. W. Tjaronge (b), M. A. Caronge (c) and M. Tumpu (d) (a) Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University *ardj2018rha[at]gmail.com (b) Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University (c) Lecturer, Environmental Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University (d) Magister Course Student, Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University Abstract Natural Buton rock asphalt consists of bitumen and mineral onder goes a refinery process to provide extracted bitumen from natural asphalt, subsequently the extracted bitumen is mixed with the petroleum bitumen to produce modified Buton bitumen. In this study modified Buton bitumen was used as bituminous material and mixed with aggregate and filler to produce asphalt concrete binder course (AC-BC) mixture. The were two prepared specimens in this study. Specimens without aging process and specimens subjected to artificial long term aging in the laboratory after aging process completion, tensile strength of specimens with stress strain relationship were evaluated. Keywords: Long term aging, Modified Buton bitumen, Tensile strength, Stress strain behavior PermaLink | Plain Format

30	ABS-18	Infrastructure and Environment
DETERMINATION AND MAPPING LAND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE TO PREVENT EXCHANGEABLE LAND FUNCTIONS IN BANGLI REGENCY, BALI I Made Adnyana, I Nyoman Puja, dan I Dewa Made Arthagama1) Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University Abstract The research was done in the area of paddy soil in Tembuku and Susut District, Bangli Regency, Bali, to identification, evaluation, and mapping the paddy soil area that have to maintain as a sustainable agriculture. To achieve these objectives, the research conducted through several activities, namely: soil survey and environment, physical and chemistry of soil analysis, and mapping the model of the prevented exchangeable paddy soil functions Most of paddy, (54.55 %) soil in Tembuku district, Bangli regency was a moderatelay suitable (S2) for rice plant and 45,45% was marginally suitable (S3). In Susut district, Bangli regency, most of paddy (55.55%) soil was a moderately suitable (S2) for rice plant and 54.55% was marginally suitable (S3). The generally limmiting factors were low content of nitrogen, phosphorous, potasium, and organic matter. Depend on plan lay out space (called RTRW) of Bangli regency, the paddy soil in Tembuku district could be changing function was agriculture land convertion, as 15.06 ha (2011 to 2021) and 37.36 ha (2021 to 2031) respectively, while in the Susut district, was 94,66 ha (2011 to 2031) could be changing Keywords: moderatelay suitable, marginal suitable, changing function PermaLink | Plain Format

31	ABS-19	Infrastructure and Environment
Recovery compressive strength and modulus of elasticity aluminium fibre light weight concrete (with part of roof tiles as coarse aggregate) after burning with variation of water curing time Antonius Mediyanto1), Bambang Santosa2), Edy Purwanto3) Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik UNS, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A Surakarta, Telp (0271) 634524 Abstract The research concerns on strenght of light weight concrete with aluminium fibre as micro-reinforcement by enviromental load especially burning and water curing. In this research cylindrical concrete of 150 mm dia, 300 mm high for compressive test. Fibre volume fraction are 0,75% of concrete. Aluminium fibre with aspect ratio 50, cement type I, sand, alwa, water, and viscocrete are used. Testing are based on SK SNI M14 1989 F. The result shows that increasing self recovery of average compressive strenght of cylidrical concrete is 121.30% and 109.55% on light weight concrete and aluminium fibre light weight concrete with water curing for 56 days. Increasing self recovery of average MOE is 118.97 % and 105.01 % on light weight concrete and aluminium fibre light weight concrete with water curing for 56 days. Water curing can self healing light weight concrete and aluminium fibre light weight concrete after burning. Keywords: water curing, light weigth concrete, burning PermaLink | Plain Format

32	ABS-23	Infrastructure and Environment
THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BRIDGE DESIGN IN DIGOEL PAPUA N. Retno Setiati Institute Road of Engineering, Research and Development Agency, The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, Indonesia Abstract The planning of the bridge construction in Digoel river that connects the western part with the eastern part of Boven Digoel in Papua Province is part of the development program as stipulated in PP No 78 Tahun 2014 about Percepatan Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal. The land, river, and air transport systems that connect between regions in Boven Digoel are very difficult to reach, other things with extreme weather and climate conditions make the transportation cost in the District is very expensive. One of the efforts made to overcome these problems is the construction of road and bridge infrastructure. To support the implementation of infrastructure development in Boven Digoel, feasibility study of road and bridge planning is required. Feasibility study refers to Pd T-19-2005-B (Studi Kelayakan Proyek Jalan dan Jembatan). A feasibility study was undertaken to analyze in more detail some of the proposed road trace alternatives. Based on the results of the feasibility study, two alternatives of road trails connecting the western part with the eastern part of Boven Digoel of Papua Province. The bridge plans were made across the Digoel river. Bridge construction on alternative road trails connecting Kampung Ampera with Tanah Merah is more effective and efficient to choose. Construction of the bridge at the location is safer than the river scouring hazard. The length of the bridge is made larger than the stretch of the Digoel river. This is due to the Digoel river flow always changing every year. From the results of field measurement analysis, the average speed of the movement of the horizontal river flow direction is (80-180) x10(-4) meters / day so that in the 50-year period, the movement speed of the horizontal river flow path becomes (160 - 3200) meters. Based on Kun Qarshov method, the movement of the river flow for 50 years at the location of the bridge connecting Tanah Merah through Ampera Village is 311.64 meters so that the optimum bridge length at the location is designed 600 meters. Keywords: Digoel, Boven Digoel, river flow, scouring, span PermaLink | Plain Format

33	ABS-26	Infrastructure and Environment
Traffic Performance Simulation under Rainstorm Condition on Arterial Roads in Makassar City, Indonesia Muhammad Isran Ramli, Hajriyanti Yatmar, Muralia Hustim, & Mubassirang Pasra Hasanuddin University Abstract Frequently, the rainstorm in Makassar City, Indonesia have caused water puddle at the surface of arterial roads which influenced the traffic performance in the roads. The present study aims to simulate the changing of the traffic performance on a primary arterial road in the city, namely Pettarani Street, which has four lanes of each traffic direction. The traffic survey consists of traffic count and vehicle speed measurement during two hours of the afternoon peak hour at eight segments of the road. The first step analysis develops a relationship model between the traffic volume and the vehicle speed. Regarding the model, this study simulates the traffic performance of the road for some scenario of the rainstorm impacts on the arterial road, such as water puddle cover one lane, two lane, and three lanes. The analysis results show that the traffic performance become worse during the rainstorm condition. The results provide a basic information for traffic management mitigation when the rainstorm occurred on arterial roads in the city. Keywords: Traffic simulation, rainstorm condition, arterial roads, Makassar City. PermaLink | Plain Format

34	ABS-28	Infrastructure and Environment
Exit Strategies of Environmental Problems and Natural Disasters of Undeveloped Regencies at Eastern Part of Indonesia a)*Ahmad Munir b)*Juni Astuti a)*Post Graduate Study Program-Regional Planning Hasanuddin University. Jl. P. Kemerdekaan Km 11 Tamalanrea b)* University of Cokroaminoto-Makassar Abstract Environmental problem is one of the parameter in evaluation of the development performance. The indicator consists of percentage of flood in village, percentage of land slide, percentage of earthquake, percentage of protected forest occupied by settlement, percentage of critical land, percentage of village complicit and percentage of other natural disaster. The objective of the study is to assess performance of the indicator in 20 regencies at the eastern part of Indonesia in term of determining potential problems of environmental constrains of the regencies. The methodology employed overlaying index composite of several years. By overlying this two period of years, four cartesian coordinate system were obtained. The first quadrant views stagnant indicator, the second quadrant views indicators becomes improved, third quadrant views improved indicators, fourth quadrant views indicators becomes undeveloped. Form the study, it was found that 9 regencies have problems flood in villages, 5 regencies have problems of land slide, 3 regencies have problems of earthquake, 8 regencies have problems of protected forest occupied by settlement, no region has problem of critical land, 2 regencies have problems of village complicit and 5 regencies have problems of other natural disaster. By using this identified potential problems, exit strategy of the regency in environmental problem can be formulated. Keywords: environment, disaster, undeveloped regency PermaLink | Plain Format

35	ABS-32	Infrastructure and Environment
Patch Microwave Absorber for RF Energy Harvesting as Renewable Energy Zaenab Muslimin(a*), Nurhajar Anugraha(b*), Ansar Suyuti(c*), Elyas Palantei(d*), Indrabayu(e*) a) Doctoral Student of Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Hasanuddin *zaenab_muslimin[at]yahoo.com b) Postgraduate Student of Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Hasanuddin *nurhajar41[at]gmail.com c) Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Hasanuddin *asuyuti[at]yahoo.com d) Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Hasanuddin *elyas.palantei[at]gmail.com e) Informatic Engineering Department, Universitas Hasanuddin *indrabayu[at]unhas.ac.id Universitas Hasanuddin Kampus Fakultas Teknik Unhas, Jl. Poros Malino, Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. Renewable energy is a form of energy produced from natural resources. Besides coming from nature, renewable energy can also be obtained from electronic devices that emit electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can develop and be used as a source of power, especially low power consumption equipments such as sensors. One method that can be used to harvest the electromagnetic waves is by the method of Energy Harvesting using microstrip antenna. Energy Harvesting is one of green technologies that rapidly evolving nowadays. This study aims to design a microstrip antenna for harvesting energy with 1x2 parallel array configuration and ISM (International Standard for Mobile communication) frequency operation of 2.4 GHz. The antennas performance is based on the value of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Return Loss (S11), gain and radiation pattern. The antenna design is simulated by Ansoft HFSS v.13. The simulation results is compared with the measurement results to analyze the antenna performance. The results showed that VSWR and Return Loss parameters in simulation and measurement have different performances, but still in tolerance performing range. The simulation antenna gain obtained 2.52 dB. Keywords: Harvesting energy, green technology, microstrip antenna, array PermaLink | Plain Format

36	ABS-33	Infrastructure and Environment
EVALUATION OF REDUCED BEAM SECTION (RBS) ON CASTELLATED BEAM SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC LOADING Nini Hasriyani Aswad(a*)Herman Parung (b) Rita Irmawaty(b)and A.Arwin Amiruddin (b) (a) Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Halu Oleo. Jl. H.E.A Mokodompit, Anduonohu South East Sulawesi. * nini.aswad[at]gmail.com (b) Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Hasanudin. Jl. Poros malino km.6. Kampus Teknik Gowa, South Sulawesi. Abstract The performance of a beam subjected to seismic loading was evaluated in this experimental study on a castellated beam using RBS (reduced beam section) as the damping factor in earthquake-resistant structures. The study used two specimens, one castellated beam with RBS and one without RBS. The specimens were tested in an exterior connection structure model subjected to cyclic loading gradually until collapse. The experiment using cyclic loading was used to evaluate the deformation and the acting force influenced by RBS placement on the column face. The RBS placement on the column face shows that failure occurred on the beam due to elastic deformation. The specimen with RBS had load melting point of 8 kN on 1.05 % drift ratio, 9 kN load on 2.1% drift, 12 kN peak load on 3.20% drift, and load necking phase of 10.53 kN on 4.17% drift. Meanwhile, the specimen without RBS had load melting point of 9 kN on 1.1% drift ratio, 9 kN load on 2.13% drift, the peak load of 12.5 kN on 3.20% drift ratio, and load necking phase of 11 kN on 4.4% drift ratio Keywords: RBS,;castellated beam; strength degradation; necking PermaLink | Plain Format

37	ABS-34	Infrastructure and Environment
Debby Utami PB (a*), Muhammad Isran Ramli (b), Mubassirang Pasra (b) a. Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty - Hasanuddin University b. Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty - Hasanuddin University Abstract Keywords: Green Open Space, Emission, CO, CO2, Vegetation PermaLink | Plain Format

38	ABS-35	Infrastructure and Environment
The role of Sentani Lake in order to maintain The Environments in Jayapura sapari (1), Nofdi J Rampi (2) 1.Civil Engineering of Hasanuddin University 2.Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Tata Ruang, Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman Kota Jayapura, Papua Abstract Sentani Lake is one of the lakes that has a lot of potential in natural resources. This potential such as a source of clean water, for transportation, fisheries, irrigation and for tourism if managed properly can give benefit for the society around the lake. Sentani Lake is located in Jayapura Regency, Papua Province. This lake is under the slopes of the Cyclops Nature Reserve with range of approximately 245,000 hectares. Sentani Lake is located in the southern city of Sentani which is the capital of Jayapura Regency. This area reaches 9360 ha with a storage capacity estimated at 2,716 m3. Sentani Lake receives water from 14 large and small rivers that culminate in the mountain Cyclops and then draining to the Pacific Ocean and flowing out through Jaifuri River. Total area for watersheds about 517 km2 with an average rainfall of 1.691mm per year, so the availability of water in a year reaches 404m3 / sec. Sentani Lake is a lake with hilly islands in the middle of the lake and it has a height of 70 - 90m above sea level. On the other hand the existing site of Sentani Lake has started to experience ecological threats due to environmental degradation. Various problems that arise include flooding, erosion and high environmental pollution due to domestic waste, livestock and industry that all flow into Sentani Lake. Based on land slope map, Sentani Lake area has a moderate slope of 17-52% that allows sedimentation because of erosion process in the region. This can lead to flooding due to sediment build up and rising waters of Sentani Lake. This situation needs an integrated handling from upstream to downstream so that the environmental impact of flooding can be minimized. Sentani Lake can be maintained by improving aspects of hydrology, land use aspects, as well as improvements in environmental aspects such as spatial arrangement in accordance with the carrying capacity. This article will focus on studying the prevention of natural disaster such as flood, erosion and environmental pollution. This study will also try to analyze factors that caused the degradation of Sentani Lake. Moreover, the actions plans that need to be conducted to maintain Sentani Lake will be analyzed such as revitalization in hydrology aspect, land use, and land planning base on carrying capacity of Sentani Lake. Keywords: Sentani Lake, Environmental Impact, hydrology, land use, spatial planning and carrying capacity. PermaLink | Plain Format

39	ABS-37	Infrastructure and Environment
The Partial Autocorrelation Function Analysis in Predicting Speed Wind Maximum Georgina Maria Tinungki Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245, Indonesia Abstract The stationary and non-stationary examination of the data set can be done by plot analysis of the Partial Autocorrelation Function of the data, by looking at the maximum number of Partial Autocorrection Function Fixed value estimates. The Autocorrelation Function (ACF) is a function that shows the magnitude of the correlation between the observation of the t-time and the observation at the previous time. The autocorrelation function shows the autocorrelation coefficient which is the measurement of correlation between the observations at different times. Data taken from Central Bureau of Statistics of Makassar City, Indonesia is data about the maximum wind speed by month at Paotere station in Makassar City, Indonesia in years 2009 - 2016. From this data will predict the maximum wind speed during the next 24 months, ie from January 2017 to December 2018. The results obtained, forecasting is done with 12 leads period ahead with 95% confidence interval. Keywords: Partial Autocorrelation Function, stationary and no stationer data, Autocorrelation Function PermaLink | Plain Format

40	ABS-38	Infrastructure and Environment
AN APPLICATION OF THE BICYCLE LANE BASED ON THE COMPLETE STREET CONCEPT IN EFFORT REDUCING THE GLOBAL WARMING IMPACT Cecep Sukmana RS1, Baharuddin Hamzah2, Djamaluddin Rahim3 1Master Student, in Transportation Engineering, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University 2Professor, Department of Architecture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia 3Lecturer, Transportation Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia Abstract The incomplete roads are designed only for cars, with limited transportation options make pedestrians, pedestrian, and other transport users feel uncomfortable and safe and risk dangerous. Bicycle as a more environmentally friendly means of transportation which is an alternative mode of transportation that can replace motor vehicles in an effort to reduce the impact of global warming. The facilities for bicycle users provide a sense of security and comfort for various users and is considered an important part of complete street where if a society of 100,000 people replaces their entire car by cycling once a month, it will reduce the carbon dioxide gas (C02) by 3.764 tons per year. Yos Sudarso Road in Mamuju City is a road segment with activities in various zones, the intensity of activities that occur on the road is very high at certain hours, due to the different activities of the diversity of building functions. Road conditions that do not provide facilities for bicycle users require assessment of the needs of bicycle lane and analyze how the design of the concept of bicycle lane on the road segment is based on the complete street concept. The type of research used is non-experimental descriptive with qualitative and quantitative approach, using survey method in the form of direct observation at research sites, interviews and questionnaires. The condition of the road lane is not yet based on the complete street concept because there is no bicycle lane available as one of the complete street elements so it does not provide a sense of security and comfort for bicycle users. The need for bicycle lanes based on the responses of respondents is that they need to provide bicycle lanes on segment 1 with bike lane type, in segment 2 and segment 3 with bike lane type, for provision of bicycle lanes based on bicycle volume and volume cross bicycle lane needs of Yos Sudarso road segment is not yet necessary to be provided. The recommended implementation of bicycle lane based on the Complete Street Concept is a bicycle lane (width of 1.5 meters for a one-way lane with elevated surfaces that can still be passed by motor vehicles in an emergency condition. A safe and comfortable bicycle lane improves peoples enthusiasm using bicycles as a mode of transportation that can help reduce carbon dioxide (C02) gas and improve clean air quality. Keywords: Road Infrastructure, Bicycle Lane, Complete Street Concept PermaLink | Plain Format

41	ABS-39	Infrastructure and Environment
Design Organic Fertilizer Applicators For Supporting Rice Production Iqbal, Mahmud Achmad, and Muhammad Tahir Sapsal Engineering Agricultural Program study, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University Makassar Abstract Intensive agricultural land use tends to reduce the content of organic matter in soil. Organic content in the soil affects the soils ability to bind water and the efficiency of fertilizer absorption by plants as well as an important source of nutrients for plants. Therefore, the addition of organic matter in the form of compost is very important for maintaining the productivity of agricultural land. Problems that occur at the time of application of compost is needed manpower and considerable expense, so it needs an efficient technology in the form of mechanical equipment that is simple and easy to operate. The purpose of this research is to design an organic fertilizer applicator for paddy that can be operated on rice fields. Applicators have been made and functioning well and able to apply organic fertilizer with a dose of 15 tons/ha. Keywords: mechanization, fertilization, applicator, organic fertilizer, rice PermaLink | Plain Format

42	ABS-41	Infrastructure and Environment
THE ACTUAL EVALUATION OF THE TRESTLE STRUCTURE Rita Irmawaty, Rudy Djamaluddin Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Hasanuddin University Abstract Trestle is a connecting bridge between the mainland and jetty, located in tidal areas with a high risk of corrosion and concrete deterioration. Generally, trestle structure construct for reinforced concrete and steel structure, which are particularly vulnerable to damage due to corrosive environment. As one of the major port support facilities to accelerate economic growth and distribution for industrial and agricultural products, it is necessary to have regular evaluation and maintenance. Biringkassi port which belongs to PT. Semen Tonasa has been operating since 1988, and it is continuously adding facilities to support the cement distribution by sea. This study aims to assess the level of concrete deterioration and evaluate the capacity of trestle structures, which heavy vehicles pass at all times. Results of concrete quality evaluation with ultrasonic pulse velocity and core drill concrete showed satisfactory results with the average quality of concrete over the 30 N/mm2. However, from the structural capacity review to the service load, it is necessary to limit the maximum load and repair the existing concrete deterioration. Keywords: concrete deterioration, trestle, structure capacity PermaLink | Plain Format

43	ABS-44	Infrastructure and Environment
PROPOSED EMPIRICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING STABILITY CRITERION OF COASTAL BANK PROTECTION ON SOFT GROUND USING MATTRESS AND BAMBOO CLUSTER PILE Suyuti, Mufti A. Sultan, Zulkarnain K. Misbah Khairun University Ternate, North Maluku Indonesia. Abstract Many low lands are deeply covered by deposite soft ground down depth 30 meters in Indonesia. These areas are often given soil consistency with soil cohesion cu less than 15 kPa in along of river or seashore. Indonesian people and local goverenment have a custom to stay and construct infrastructure on the area of soft ground aforementioned. In oder to protect the natural disaster by big waves from the coastal, the local government has to construct a robust bank for safety of living. However, these areas are very weak bearing capacity due to its subsoil stiffness problem. Ministry of Public Works has published several guidelines for soil embankment on soft ground [MPW., 1999; 2015]. These guidelines were reported the construction process for road and its must be conducted trial construction in field, which employed a commercial package to simulate the design stability, it is not for construction of coastal bank. This problem is solved by following the proposal of construction process for coastal bank included such as: 1. Cutting ground and preparating area of mattress, 2. Putting the bamboo stems as the mattress, 3. Laying geo-bamboo, 4. Constructing coastal bank. Therefore, this study is to propose an empirical method, the bearing capacity of bamboo mattress on soft soil was modelled in full scale test. Several layers of bamboo stems were provided to simulate the criterion of stability of the bank based on rule of geotechnics. Finally, the stability criterion such as bearing capacity, factor of safety and allowable hight for the coastal bank were presented Keywords: empirical method, design criterion, coastal bank, soft ground, mattress bamboo PermaLink | Plain Format

44	ABS-46	Infrastructure and Environment
ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF COMPOSITE CASTELLA BEAM FOR CYCLIC LOAD Desi Sandy, Suryanti Rapang Tonapa Civil Engineering, University of Christian Indonesia Paulus, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract One alternative in the modelization of steel structural elements is the castella steel beam. This study aims to determine the strength and stability of the normal castella beam due to static loading, cyclic loading and know the damage model of the two types of loading. In this research used normal steel beam IWF 200.100.8.5,5; normal profile steel beams modified into castella steel beams and composite castella steel beams, with hexagonal opening forms, 0.6H aperture height, 9 cm opening distance and 600 opening angle. The results of this study indicate that the moment capacity of composite castella beam with cyclic loading increased 475% from castella beam with static loads. While the load capacity on castella beam with static load increased 152% from composite castella beam with cyclic load. The deflection occurring in the composite castella beam with cyclic loading increased 399% from castella beam with static load. The collapse mechanism of the castella beam with static load is the lateral-tortional buckling and web-buckling. While the collapse mechanism on the composite castella beam with cyclic load is cracked on the concrete stuffing. This shows that the model of composite castella beam can be applied to structures built on earthquake-prone areas. Keywords: castella beam, composite beam, maximum capacity, collapse mechanism, deflection PermaLink | Plain Format

45	ABS-61	Infrastructure and Environment
Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Annealed Binding Wire Fiber Carter Kandou (a*), Ikhsan Dwipayana (a), Herman Parung (a), Rudy Djamaluddin (a), Arwin Amiruddin (a) a) Civil Engineering Department of Hasanuddin University Jl. Poros Malino km. 6, Gowa 92119, Indonesia *) ckandou[at]yahoo.com Abstract Concrete has weakness in the lower tensile strength and it is brittle so that concrete is given steel reinforcement to overcome it. One major challenge on reinforced concrete building is to reduce structures failures risk by increasing tensile strength of concrete. One alternative that used to increase tensile strength is with fiber additional on concrete material. In this research, the concrete mix is given additional material of annealed binding wire fiber. Annealed binding wire fiber used is 0,8 mm in diameter and 36 mm, 48 mm and 60 mm in length so that it is gained the ratio aspect of every diameter as many as 45, 60 and 75. The test on the concrete includes compressive strength test, tensile strength test and flexural strength test. The compressive and tensile strength test were conducted on cylindrical testing materials with 200 mm in height and 100 mm in diameter. The test of flexural strength was conducted on a rectangular beam material with size of 100 mm and length 400 mm. The testing material consists of 48 cylinders and 24 concrete beam with 3 sample for each composition. The fiber concentration is 0,75% volume fractions. From the test, it is gained that the compressive strength test, tensile strength test and flexural strength test of the concrete are higher than they are in normal concrete. From the test on compressive strength and tensile strength, it is gained optimum value on the fiber length of 48 mm and 60 mm. The compressive strength test rises as many as 32,3% and 12,4% compared with it is at normal concrete. The tensile strength test rises as many as 20,94% and 24,08%. For flexural strength test, it is gained value 28,29% and 40,49% compared with normal concrete. Keywords: compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, annealed binding wire fiber, concrete PermaLink | Plain Format

46	ABS-62	Infrastructure and Environment
Characteristic Construction Stilt House Tiang Jangkung dan Bengkok of Kampung Toa Bikombang Mohammad Mochsen Sir, Ria Wikantari, Abdul Mufti Radja, Syarif Beddu Hasanuddin University, Faculty of Engineering, Department architecture Abstract This research goal is to find characteristic of construction stilt house tiang jangkung dan bengkok (tall and bent poled) of Kampung Toa Bikombang. Knowledge regarding tall and bent poled stilt house was developed and understood by traditional community of Kampung Toa Bikombang and was inherited from generation to generation. Kampung Toa Bikombang in Selayar Island is an old village with its own unique architecture. Their stilt house was built on rocky slopes with steep height level difference between 5-10 metres. The shape of its pole is not straight. With their inherited knowledge from previous generations, Bikombang residents are able to build long-lasting houses, even last for hundreds of years. The fact that the houses was able to withstand years of various extreme climate and weather conditions shows that Kampung Toa Bikombang residents have some knowledge regarding structure and construction system of stilt house buildings. This research uses Qualitative Research Method mentioned by Bogdan and Taylor in Moleong (1994). They described qualitative method as research procedure to produce descriptive data in written and verbal words from people. The research theoretic foundation is based on explorative approach with naturalistic paradigm. Field observation become the main focus in data collection regarding shape, structure and construction system of Kampung Toa Bikombang houses. The research result shows the characteristic of Kampung Toa Bikombang tall and bent poled stilt housed. In structure system, pole was placed standing up on top of rocks sustained by pedestals (not planted in the ground), the length of pole adjusted with the contour of rocks and mostly rear part of the house is higher than then front part. Poled is placed standing in its intact form and every pole bent. Stage house was built by using a pole construction that is not straight and the placement of a pole bent with another pole with the opposite pattern, to provide stability in the construction The result of this research is expected to preserve the knowledge of traditional society which has been inherited and passed down from generation to generation. We also hope it will help to expand and grow the knowledge from the tradional society especially for South Sulawesi architecture as an effort to preserve culture and architecture. Keywords: Tall-bent poled stilt house, structure and construction system characteristic PermaLink | Plain Format

47	ABS-69	Infrastructure and Environment
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD IMPACT ON 150 k V RAHA-BAUBAU TRANSMISSION LINE Yusran Department of Electrical Engineering Hasanuddin University Abstract The construction of 150 kV transmission line in Southeast Sulawesi is intended to establish interconnection with Sulbagsel system. The developing is intended to replace the power supply came from the diesel power plant with 150 kV interconnection system that cheaper and more reliable. The another objective is to evacuate the power generated by a number of plants in the Southeast Sulawesi area . One of transmission line will be built is a 150 kV Raha-Baubau transmission line One of the main potensial impact of 150 kV Raha-Baubau transmission line construction is the emergence of electromagnetic field radiation. The electromagnetic field radiation is an alarming issue for some people or community. The value of electromagnetic field generated by transmission line can be conducted by calculation and simulation as studied in this research. This research uses shadow conductor approach method. The calculation and simulation results show that the largest electric field value occur at two coordinate points (-7,2) and (7,2) with 0.366778 kV/m. The largest magnetic field occurs at coordinates (0,2) with 3.186838 A/m or 0.004 milli Tesla. The value of electromagnetic field radiation occurring is still below the specified standard value of 5 kV/m for the electric field and 0.1 mili Tesla for the magnetic field. Keywords: electromagnetic field, electric field, magnetic filed, impact, transmission line PermaLink | Plain Format

48	ABS-70	Infrastructure and Environment
IDENTIFICATION NEEDS AND PLACEMENT LOCATION OF CONSERVATION BUILDING IN UPSTREAM AREA WITH GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM Heri Suprapto Civil Engineering, Gunadarma University Abstract IDENTIFICATION NEEDS AND PLACEMENT LOCATION OF CONSERVATION BUILDING IN UPSTREAM AREA WITH GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM Heri Suprapto, Dede Hendra Civil Engineering, Gunadarma University Kata Kunci: Conservation, GIS, Identification The upper course of water catchment areas is buffer area for conservation at the watershed. In upstream area there are also regions where also suitable for planting a variety of agriculture commodities. The activity can cause the accurence of erosion and land degradation, so as to encourage of the flow of sediment to major rivers. The sediment carried by the flow of run off is to downstream so that causes silting-up of the grooves river due to sedimentation, that decrease capacity of flow the river and causes overflow of the river so there was a flood. Base on the problem, required building for conservation there is retaining sediment building on a grooves at the upperstream to hold and controling the flow of sediment. Therefor reguired to identification of the needs and right location to exact placement of the retaining sediment building. Because the nature of the land on the upstream area are hilly condition used geographical information system (GIS) to assist in identification of the needs and to determination of site the retaining sediment building. The purpose of the research is to prevent and control the flow of sediment that accur in upstream area and flow into the major river. The objective of the study is to understand the needs and appropriate location to placement of retaining sediment building in the watershed. Research methods that used is using geographical information system which combined with class and level of erosion and the technical requirement of retaining sediment building. The result showing that geographical information system can help in assignment the appropriate site of retaining sediment building in the grooves of upstream areas. According 29 catchment areas in the watershed, 17 of the region in accordance to putting retaining sediment building and 12 region other not appropriate. The number of retaining sediment building that can built in the watershed there was 22 location/points. Keywords: Conservation, GIS, Identification PermaLink | Plain Format

49	ABS-72	Infrastructure and Environment
ESTIMATION OF CO VEHICULAR EMISSION ON ARTERIAL ROADS IN MAKASSAR CITY BASED ON CALINE-4 Fakhrizal Muchtar(a), Muh. Isran Ramli(b) a. Environmental Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University Poros Malino Km.6 Bontomarannu, Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. b. Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University. Poros Malino Km.6 Bontomarannu, Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Abstract Transportation is one of the most important and strategic of basic needs in daily life. Increased the user of motor vehicles and energy consumption in cities give impact for the air pollution, traffic jam, and public health disorder. The purpose of this research is estimate of Carbon Monoxide (CO) pollutants received in receptors on Arterial Roads in Makassar City. This research was conducted in A.P. Pettarani, Sultan Alauddin, Urip Sumoharjo, and Perintis Kemerdekaan road in peak hour of the morning, afternoon, and evening. Analysis of measurement data is using software WRPLOT View and CALINE-4. The result showed that the highest estimation of CO pollutant in A.P. Pettarani road is KFC receptors with 4,3 ppm, in Sultan Alauddin its happen in Polsek Rappocini with 3,8 ppm, in Urip Sumoharjo its happen in Ridha Allah Mosque with 1,4 ppm, and STIKES Nusantara receptors in Perintis Kemerdekaan road is the place with the highest CO value pollutant estimates, that is 4,4 ppm. Keywords: CO Pollutant, Arterial Roads, Software, Receptor. PermaLink | Plain Format

50	ABS-73	Infrastructure and Environment
Spatial Mapping of Noise Level in Hospital Area: The Noise Level Investigation on Hasanuddin University and Public Hospitals in Makassar City Muralia Hustim, Sumarni Hamid Aly, Nunung Sutialmi AL, Rasdiana Zakaria Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University Abstract The present study aims to investigate the noise level on hospital area in Makassar City, Indonesia, particularly in Hasanuddin University Hospital, and Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Hospital, a public hospital, which located in Tamalarea District in the city, and both hospital is situated neighbored each other. Further, the study attempt to develop a spatial mapping of the noise levels in both hospital areas. The present study conducted noise level measurement at 43 observation points in the area. Determination of the measurement points utilized GPS Tracker Lite application by using the latitude and longitude on Google Earth. The noise level measurement conducted for 10 minutes using an SLM-type TM-103. The spatial mapping of the noise level used a spatial mapping application, namely Surfer 7.0. The investigation results obtained noise level ranges from 55.7 dB to 82.6 dB. Further, the value of the noise level at the observation point located in the hospital area is 60.1 dB, and the location of the parking spot that is 66.4 dB. Additionally, the noise level of the observation point located on the side of the road is 74.1 dB. Generally, the noise levels exceeded the noise level of quality standards in the area of the hospital that is 55 dB. The results obtained by the dominant noise level mapping for the yellow color noise levels between 60-72 dB which is in the hospital building. Keywords: Spatial mapping, noise level, hospital area, Makassar City PermaLink | Plain Format

51	ABS-74	Infrastructure and Environment
Developing a Robust Optimization Model for Seaside Operations in Container Terminal under Uncertainty Environment Dina Natalia Prayogo, Akhmad Hidayatno and Komarudin Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia Abstract The rapid growth of the global economy in this last decade requires the improvement of operational management efficiency of container terminals, to response the 4% growth of container shipping demand in international trade, with world container port throughput reached 701 million TEUs in 2016 (UNCTAD, 2017). Various efforts have been made by container terminal managers to increase the productivity level of limited resources. The main resources at container terminals are the availability of quay seaside and container storage yard on the land-side. The maximum of berth utilization is influenced by the allocation of vessels into berth segments and the number of quay cranes assigned to serve the discharging and loading activities of containers into each arrived vessel in container terminal. Tactical decisions in the Berth Allocation Problem and Quay Crane Assignment Problems in resource management in seaside of container terminal are intertwined with each other, such that needs to be taken into account in an integrated manner. In addition, container terminal managers often face the uncertainty of ship arrival time and the number of containers that must be discharged and loaded into each arrived vessels are in uncertainty environment, such that needs to estimate the handling time required. This results in container terminal managers having difficulty in providing services that ensure the shipping liner owners satisfaction. Therefore, this paper discusses the robust optimization model development to integrate tactical decisions on seaside operations in container terminal, that is consist of Tactical Berth Allocation Problem and Specific Quay Crane Assignment Problem by considering the uncertainty of vessel arrival time and the number of containers to be discharged and loaded into the arrived vessels, which also affects the uncertainty of handling time required. The development of optimization model considers container terminal managers and shipping liner owners viewpoints. Thus this optimization model has two objective functions, i.e. minimizing total costs of seaside operations and maximizing service levels for shipping liners. Since these two tactical decisions for seaside operations are inter-related each other, the robust optimization model is solved by using the Functional Integration Approach with Feedback Loop Structure, which is applied to a numerical example for testing the effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: Robust Optimization, Tactical Berth Allocation Problem, Specific Quay Crane Assignment Problem, Container Terminal Operations, Uncertainty Environment. PermaLink | Plain Format

52	ABS-75	Infrastructure and Environment
Water Mass Structure Around Mounth River at Makassar Coast Mukhsan Putra Hatta (a*) a) Department of Civil Engineering. Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin Universty, Indonesia. *) Mukhsan_hatta[at]yahoo.com Abstract Influence The spread of fresh water flowing from the river affects The water mass structure of the coastal areas. Especially when there is reclamation around the coastal area, for it is very important to do water environmental research on the coast. In this study, we observed the spatio distribution of water quality at the mouth of the Tallo River and the Jeneberang River which is a cell with Makassar coast. The result of the observation shows the describing the spatio distribution of turbidity, salinity, and temperature using water quality. The conclusions of this research are: (i) influence of flesh water to water mass structure in around Makassar Coast,(ii) At the bottom of the mouth of the River Jeneberang and Tallo River turbidity is high, (iii) The river discharge is low causes low salinity and strong vertical mixing occurred in this area. Keywords: Tallo River, Jenneberang River, Makassar Coast, water mass Structure PermaLink | Plain Format

53	ABS-79	Infrastructure and Environment
CHANGES OF RAINFALL AND DISCHARGE IN SADDANG WATERSHED, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA Muhammad Hasbi(a*), Muhammad Saleh Pallu(b), Rita.Lopa(b), Mukhsan Putra Hatta(b) and Sri San Yuni(c) a) Doctoral Course, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Hasanuddin University * muhammad_hasbi_pj[at]yahoo.com b) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Hasanuddin University c) College student, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Hasanuddin University Abstract Climate change that occurred in Indonesia has a great impact. It can be indicated by the changes of seasons, rainfall patterns, and temperature. Changes in rainfall patterns may result in seasonal shifts. The purpose of this study is to identify changes in rainfall and discharge on the Saddang Watershed, including Buntu Batu River, Mata Allo River, and Pekkabata River. The method used is to collect rainfall data and debit then analyzed by regression analysis. As the results of the study, it is found that rainfall on the River Buntu Batu has decreased during the last 6 years. Beside that, rainfall on Mata Allo River also has decreased over the last 10 years and has experienced a decrease in discharge over the past 10 years. Rainfall on the Pekkabata River also has decreased over the last 10 years and has experienced a decrease in discharge over the past 10 years. Overall, the rainfall on Saddang River has decreased over the past 10 years and has experienced a decrease in discharge over the past 10 years. Keywords: Sadang River, Buntu Batu River, Mata Allo River, and Pekkabata River PermaLink | Plain Format

54	ABS-93	Infrastructure and Environment
Feasibility study of household energy source through utilization of pig manure Irwan Ridwan Rahim, Mary Selintung, Riski Saputra Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University Abstract National energy sources are still based on non-renewable fossil-based feedstocks, so new breakthroughs needed to develop renewable energy such as biogas. This research was conducted in Pelambian Hamlet, Salusopai Village, North Toraja District, South Sulawesi Province, aimed to analyze the potential and benefits of biogas energy development from pig waste and to formulate its development strategy. The data was collected through questionnaires and interviews to Pelambian villagers to know the description of farms and energy needs. The result of biogas energy potential analysis based on dry matter content of 79 pigs dung is 274,95 m3/month or equal to 126,48 kg Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)/month. Using SWAT analysis, a strategy was developed to develop biogas energy from pig waste in the research sites, to build biogas installations, optimize the use of slurry as fertilizer, construct fixed-dome digesters of concrete, optimize existing pigs, maximize absorption of DAK (Dana Alokasi Khusus) in accordance with existing regulations, conducting socialization and training of biogas installation, making and strengthening pig farmers group in Dusun Pelambian Keywords: Energy, Source, Utilization, Pig Manure PermaLink | Plain Format

55	ABS-97	Infrastructure and Environment
RISK ANALYSIS OF TIME ON ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT (Case Study: Construction Industry in Papua) Dewi ana rusim, herman parung, rusdi usman latief, wihardi tjaronge Universitas cenderawasih Abstract ABSTRACT The transportation service of the land, sea and air transportation of Papua Province is still very low, due to geographical, topographic, soil conditions and social constraints that hamper infrastructure development. The development of the road network is only focused on meeting the accessibility needs of the production centers to the distribution centers. The phenomenon of inequality that occurs in the world and the territory of Indonesia, also occurs in the province of Papua. The gap between regions can be seen primarily by the lagging regions of the Central Highlands of Papua with other regions, especially with the coast of the North Coast of Papua. Identified there are still 14 (fourteen) isolated points / areas, where the development has not touched at all. In addition there are still border areas and small islands and outermost NKRI conditions are still very left behind. (Regional Development Planning Board of Papua Province, 2007). Many obstacles faced in the implementation of road pavement projects in Papua Constraints encountered, among others, very difficult geographical conditions, unpredictable weather, material, and In addition, security problems and customary rights issues in Papua are also a constraint on the implementation of infrastructure development roads in Papua that have an impact on cost performance. Data collection was conducted on 45 construction service companies in Papua. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data based on questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data based on data collected from various agencies, both government agencies and private agencies, namely Public Works, Central Bureau of Statistics, and others. From the results of this study there are five issues that are most considered to be the biggest risk that affect the time is the risk of uncertain weather, material damage to the project due to the transportation process, the dismantling of storage & the low quality of materials, the lack of expertise, the risk of political and social stability on site.The study in this research is an analysis of risk assessment on time performance on road infrastructure development in Papua. Keywords: Papua road infrastructure, risk, severity index Keywords: Papua road infrastructure, risk analysis, severity index PermaLink | Plain Format

56	ABS-101	Infrastructure and Environment
Implementation of Zero Run-Off System on Cocoa Land to Increase Watershed Performance Suhardi (a*), Ahmad Munir (a), Muhammad Tahir Sapsal (a), Sitti Nur Faridah (a) and Samsuar (a) a) Department of Agricultural engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia * suhardi[at]unhas.ac.id Abstract One indicator of the decline in watershed performance is the increase in the ratio of maximum discharge to minimal discharge due to large surface runoff when rain occurs. Land use for cocoa cultivation can increase surface runoff by 389% compared to forest land. For this reason, it is necessary to implement a zero run-off system technology that can minimize surface runoff through increasing groundwater recharge. Groundwater recharge in the Zero runoff system was determined using Darcys approach. This approach requires hydraulic gradient data obtained through measurements of groundwater levels around the ZRO system using two monitoring wells and hydraulic conductivity data of saturated soil. Groundwater levels are measured interactively using a sensor level liquid aqua plumb with vegetronix data logger recording. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was determined using the falling head approach. Based on the result of the research, hydraulic gradient in one of the ZRO system in the research location is 0.4 and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of 2.61 x 10-5 m/s shows that the soil in the research location is textured moderate coarse or loamy. Thus, the velocity of water entering the soil is 1.04x10-5 m/s so that discharge of the groundwater recharge for one ZRO system is 4.16x10-5 m3/s with the cross-sectional area of the system ZRO of 4 m2. Keywords: Watershed Performance, ZRO System, Cocoa Land, Darcys, Data Logger PermaLink | Plain Format

57	ABS-50	Multi-hazard risk assessment
Climate Change Impacts Related Flood Hazard to Communities around Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Indonesia Roland Barkey(a*), Munajat Nursaputra(b), Muh. Faisal Mappiase(a), Mahmud Achmad(c), Muchtar Solle(c), Muhammad Dassir(d) a.Center for Natural Heritage, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, email rolandbarkey[at]gmail.com b.Forestry Planning and Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia c.Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia d.Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Abstract Climate variability in a region leads to the increasing rainfall intensity during the rainy season and the increasing number of days of dry season. This condition is happening in most part of Indonesia, especially in the South Sulawesi province where it has a quite complex characteristic of the ecosystem. One of them is Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park with a special characteristic of landscape in the form of karst area and the people in the buffer villages located in Maros, Pangkajene Kepulauan and Bone Regions depend their livelihoods in the park. One of the impact of climate changes happening around the National Park area is the increasing potential of flood. The flood mostly occurs due to the high rainfall in the rainy season supported by the characteristics of land in the form of karst area that very quickly passes the water. Flood hazard analysis in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park area was assessed by using Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model on actual condition (climate period 2004-2013) and projection of climate change in 2030s using scenario RCP 4.5 (rainfall scenario tend to decrease) and RCP 6.0 (rainfall scenario tend to increase). Based on the SWAT model analysis results, it is known that there are areas of the buffer villages of Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, which has a very high level of flood, which the actual condition of the affected area is 10,380.31 ha and on climate change projection of scenario RCP 4.5 covering 9,061.99 ha and RCP 6.0 scenario covering 24,188.26 ha. Keywords: Climate Change, Flood, SWAT model, Communities around Bantimurung-Bulusaraung PermaLink | Plain Format

58	ABS-14	Risk mitigation and security
Tree roots anchor soil and reduce landslide risk: case studies in Indonesia Kurniatun Hairiah(a), Widianto(b), Didik Suprayogo(c), Bruno Verbist(d), Meine van Noordwijk(e) (a,b,c)Brawijaya University, Faculty of Agriculture, Jl Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (d) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, Geo-Institute, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (e) World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF S.E. Asia, Bogor, Indonesia Abstract Tree root systems can reduce landslide risk and stabilize river banks. As part of a broad evaluation of the role of agroforestry in maintaining watershed services and reducing natural hazards in the humid tropics, case studies in two catchments in Indonesia included individual root, rooted soil volume and tree-root-system level effects. The major part (81%) of variation in root tensile (breaking) strength at standard root diameter across 5 species was accounted for by the model: Lignin content plus 0.76 times Nitrogen minus 0.07 times Polyphenol content. Tree root length density (Lrv) was weakly correlated with soil shear strength (SS), but it improved a mixed model with soil texture parameters. Overall, bamboo plots had the largest soil shear strength and the highest root length density. An index of root anchoring (IRA: ratio of cross sectional area of vertical roots and stem) was assessed across 25 tree species (5 year old) in agroforestry system; the highest IRA (7.7) was observed in non-pruned coffee, while pruning stimulates formation of roots in the surface layer. Three other tree species (Artocarpus elasticus, Parkia speciosa and Durio zibethinus) had a high IRA value (>1.0), and tend to grow to larger dbh values, providing more anchoring than coffee on a per tree basis. The common shade trees in coffee agroforestry system i.e. Gliricidia sepium and Erythina subumbrans and the tree most frequently used for government reforestation programs in the past, Calliandra calothyrsus, have low IRA values, indicating little soil anchoring; other timber and fruit trees had intermediate IRA values. Based on these data, a mix of tree species with different pattern of rooting characteristics grown to mature size will provide a good protection of the soil surface and also increase river bank and hill slope stability. Keywords: Agroforestry, Index of Root Anchoring, Slope Stability, Soil shear strength, Root strength, Root length density PermaLink | Plain Format

59	ABS-31	Risk mitigation and security
Moderation of Customer mentoring and relationship management (CMRM) to Capital Structure decision with Financial Performance of SME in Makassar City Muhammad Irfai Sohilauw (a*), Muhammad Ali (b), Cepi Pahlevi (c), Mursalim Nohong (d) (a). Economics and Business Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan Street, KM 10, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia *sohilauw1899[at]gmail.com (b). Economics and Business Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan Street, KM 10, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia (c). Economics and Business Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan Street, KM 10, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia (d). Economics and Business Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan Street, KM 10, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to explain the relationship between Capital Structure Decision and financial performance of SME, moderated by Customer mentoring and relationship management. This study is explanatory research in Makassar city. The population of this study is all debtors of SME unit of micro capital service (Ulamm) at PT. PNM (Persero) Makassar City. Sample is selected using Non-Probability Sampling method with cluster method and stratified random sampling. Data will be analyzed using descriptive and Inferential statistic method. Expected results are Customer mentoring and relationship management (CMRM) strengthening the influence of Capital Structure Decision (capital structure decision) on the performance of SMEs. Keywords: Capital Structure Decision; financial performance; Business Mentoring; Customer relationship management; Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). PermaLink | Plain Format

60	ABS-47	Risk mitigation and security
Flood Disaster and Risk Anticipation Strategy Harifuddin Halim, Ansar Arifin, Nurmi Nonci, Rasyidah Zainuddin Universitas Bosowa Makassar, Universitas Hasanuddin, Universitas Bosowa Makassar, Universitas Bosowa Makassar Abstract The purpose of this study is to describe the risk anticipation strategy in facing flood as an action by local people particularly in settlement area of Makassar suburbs. This is urgent to describe due that flood area are densely populated area. This research used interviews, observation and literature study. Interviewing is for residents about their strategy in anticipating the risk of floods. Results of interviews that mapped is based on the indicators of risk anticipating strategy. Observation technique is about the settlement condition before and after flood. Literature study is about related theory and the same problem of this research for comparing each other. This study found that the residents as local people in risk anticipating flood as strategy, such as: refuge to relatives and neighbors whose homes are free of flood, store goods on higher ground, or tie to keep them from flood flowing, pet animals, preparing rubber tires for transportation. Keywords: flood disaster, resident, risk anticipation strategy, settlement PermaLink | Plain Format

61	ABS-53	Risk mitigation and security
The effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation training for the students in disaster prone areas Andi Firman Mubarak(a*,b), Ridwan Amiruddin(c), Syafruddin Gaus(d) (a)Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muslim University of Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia *andifirmanmubarak[at]gmail.com (b)Graduate student of Emergency and Disaster Management, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (c)Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (d)Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract The prevention and mitigation of the disasters is the government focus program in the education and training in order to decrease the disaster risks at the predisaster stage, through the National Plan of Tackling the Disasters in 2015/2019. This study aimed to identify the capability of disaster prevention and mitigation training for students in disaster prone areas before and after the disaster prevention and mitigation training compared to the educational video screening and control, to find out the effectiveness of training compared to the educational video screening and control, to compare the effectiveness between the training and the educational video screening and control. This study was conducted at Kajenjeng Inpres Primary School, Makassar City. This research design was a Quasi experiment, that was the Non equivalent control group design, comprising 75 students, who were chosen using the purposive sampling technique. The students were then devided into 3 groups, namely, the training groups, the educational video screening group and the control group. There were 25 students in each group. The data were collected by the interviewer using the Achievement test with the Structured Interview technique. The data were analyzed using the cross tabulation followed by McNemar and Post Hoc test. The research results indicated that training increased the capability of the disaster prevention and mitigation compared to educational video screening and control. The training had an effective capacity in the disaster prevention and mitigation compared to the educational video screening and control. In the other words, training is an effective method in the disaster prevention and mitigation skills of the students in disaster prone areas and not to the educational video screening nor the control. Keywords: Disasters, training, prevention, mitigation, students PermaLink | Plain Format

62	ABS-77	Risk mitigation and security
An Optimum Route Analysis of Fire Rescue According to Fire Station Location (Case Study: Residence Area in Makassars Central Business District) Muhammad Isran Ramli, Hajriyanti Yatmar, Mubassirang Pasra Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University Abstract Fire is a commonly problem on the last three years in Makassar. Operational Staff of Fire Department Makassar record 32 cases fire disaster in 2015, 44 cases in 2014, and 35 cases in 2017, even on 2018 recently occurs on April and May. The fire disaster is likely attack in residences area on Makassars CBD, in which it is very important especially for fire disaster mitigation. The fire rescue is need effective route considering the travel time and distance to reach the location of fire. Determine the route with optimum options will be helpfully the fire rescue to reduce the risk and prevent the situation from getting worse. This research has an objective to give information of optimum route that will use by the fire rescue. The optimum route according to fire station location using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). The QGIS is required the topology, length, target that finally give the shortest route. The travel time of vehicle also required refer to the condition of traffic. Finally, the result of the research shows the route of fire rescue to residence area from four fire station in Makassars CBD. Keywords: Optimum Route, Fire Rescue, Disaster, Mitigation, QGIS, Travel Time, Residence Area PermaLink | Plain Format

63	ABS-80	Risk mitigation and security
Geo-hazard Risk Governance Framework in Indonesia Aflakhur Ridlo Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology Abstract This research outlines geo-hazard risk governance framework in Indonesia. How the history of geological disaster management from policy to decision making handling based on vertical and horizontal governance. Categorization of natural disasters nationwide or not lead to the handling of geological disasters associated with the law in which before 1999 limited autonomy and opportunity for regions to define their development goals, 1999-2004 regional autonomy which made national development uncoordinated. After that government functions are devolved to local government. The basic principle of decentralization is autonomy and co-ordination, which governor is representative of national government including hierarchy and territorial commander and districts and ministries and vertical organization as well. In this study decision making authority and stakeholders mapping as well as vertical and horizontal governance of geo-hazard risk identification and mitigation is investigated. Keywords: geo-hazard, governance, framework, Indonesia PermaLink | Plain Format

64	ABS-49	Safety and resilience
Determination of Safety Factor Value of PIT Design Based on Cohesion and Friction Angle Elvira Dayanara Sibala (a*), Rohaya Langkoke (b) Geological Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia *elvirasibala[at]gmail.com Abstract This research was conducted in East Kalimantan area. Which aims to determine the value of safety factor to know the level of the slope stability in order to make the right PIT design. The greater the SF value of a slope, the more stable the slope, so the activity of production will remain safe. This analysis uses bhisop method. This method is used by assuming the type of landslide that will occur on the high wall side is a circular landslide, while on the low wall is the plannar landslide. In this analysis, the data used are slope geometry, cohesion values and friction angle resulting from direct shear and unit weight from basic test. The greater the value of cohesion and the friction angle, the value of the safety factor will also be greater, then the PIT design will be stable. Result of this research, the SF values are varied, on the high wall side of 2,050 to 8,298, on the low wall wall of 2,174 to 12,670 and on the end wall of 1.838. Keywords: SF value, bhisop method, friction angle, cohesion PermaLink | Plain Format

65	ABS-56	Safety and resilience
FAMILY AND ORGANIZATION ROLES IN NON NATURAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION: BURNOUT REDUCTION ON WORKERS Andi Zulkifli; Muhammad Ali; Cepi Pahlevi; Muh Idrus Taba Hasanuddin University Abstract FAMILY AND ORGANIZATION ROLES IN NON NATURAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION: BURNOUT REDUCTION ON WORKERS Research and theories on the role of families and organizations in reducing disaster risk is still limited to home and corporate efforts on the aspects of natural disasters risks. Non-natural disasters such as techological failure, modernization failure, epidemics, and disease outbreaks are still rarely addressed by families and organizations. This non-natural disaster can be caused by the failure of the workforce in the industry and health personnel in the health care institution in implementing safe and careful work procedures. In turn, this can be caused by burnout, a psychological problem in the worker or health worker. This paper develops a conceptual framework to describe what steps can be taken by families and organizations in reducing burnout to workers and health workers. The concepts of leadership, organizational culture, role expectations, and work-family conflicts are introduced to explain burnout factors that families and organizations can manage in the context of non-natural disaster risk reduction. Keywords: non-natural disaster, burnout, family role, organizational role, family work conflict PermaLink | Plain Format

66	ABS-63	Safety and resilience
Utilization Of Clinker Coal (Waste Industrial) As A Coarse Agregate Substitution On The Lightweight Concrete Nasruddin Junus, Victor Sampebulu, Pratiwi Mushar Hasanuddin University Abstract The Concrete starts use material substitution for reduce its brittle character. The Material substitution is substance that can change concrete which are coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and cement with others materials, such as the portland cement combine the steel slag, broken stone (coarse aggregate) with pumice stone, etc. The one of function from concrete material substitution method can exercise industrial waste. The industrial waste can be an output of residue production from industry activities, one of which is clinker (the waste of burning coals). The purpose of research are 1)Measure of the concrete compressive strength value between Destructive Test dan Non-Destructive Test method on lightweight concrete with clinker as coarse aggregate replacements; 2)analyze the correlation of time variation on increased value of compressive strength of lightweight concrete which is tested by UTM, the hammer test, and UPV; 3) the lightweight concrete design with clinker on optimum strength for structural functions and building construction. The result of this research is to know precisely the compressive strength of lightweight concrete made from Clinker which have been tested by UTM, Hammer Test, and UPV. It provides an evaluation of the structures and building construction feasibility towards existing building as an effort to create buildings that are responsive and resistant to natural disasters. Keywords: Clinker, compressive strength, industrial waste , lightweight concrete, material substitution PermaLink | Plain Format

67	ABS-22	Socio-economic issues
PROTECTION OF BANKING CREDITS DEBTORS IN TOURISM AREA OF NATURAL DISASTERS Marwah, Nurfaidah Said Hasanuddin University Abstract The government is now beginning to develop the tourism sector in all regions in Indonesia as one of the efforts to boost national economic growth. In order to support the program, the banks increase lending to tourism business actors. Based on the credit agreement, the bank is required to disburse the capital credit business to the business actor and business actors are required to pay credit installments to the bank every month in accordance with the agreed timeframe. However, natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia can cause material losses for the community, including tourism business actors. Natural disasters occur beyond the fault of the parties and have the potential to generate bad debts because the debtor is unable to pay the agreed installment credit obligations. This research aims to determine the role of the Financial Services Authority in protecting debitors of banking credits in tourism area of natural disasters. This research is an empirical research conducted in Karangasem, Bali. The results showed that the Financial Services Authority plays a role in providing credit relaxation policy to business actors by stipulating areas affected by natural disasters as special treatment areas for bank credit. Keywords: Debtor Protection, Tourism Business Credit PermaLink | Plain Format

68	ABS-27	Socio-economic issues
PROSPECT THEORY: OVERCOME RISK DISASTER IN EMERGING MARKET Muhammad Ali; Marselinus Asri Hasanuddin University; Atma Jaya Makassar University Abstract Abstract This paper investigates specific risk in emerging market. Emerging markets are accumulating capital at a faster rate than developed markets but they lag far behind developed markets. Risk is one of the main factors that investors consider when making investments. Risk contained in Financial Accounting come from accrual accounting method. Accrual measurements in the Balance Sheet are measured using persistence current operating accrual, persistence non-current operating accrual, persistence financial accrual and accrual anomaly. Accruals in income statement are measured using the accrual anomaly modified jones model. Accrual measurements are used as information used by investors in predicting risk specific. The idiosyncratic risk reflects the specific information about the company and it will fluctuate according to the information itself. To measure the risk in this study five factors of Fama-French were used. Using the SEM AMOS Ver.24 and Sobel Test Path Analysis, we find that the financial risk documented in this study is associated to risk faced by investor. Prospect Theory can be used to predict and explain behaviour decision making to overcome disaster risk faced by investor in the future. Keywords: Financial Risk, Accrual, Prospect Theory PermaLink | Plain Format

69	ABS-29	Socio-economic issues
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SOCIAL REALITY: THE BLACK SIDE OF WORLD BUSINESS Tenriwaru and Darwis Said Universitas Muslim Indonesia and Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract Various empirical evidence, about the dominant motive approach than the system approach in various dimensions related to corporate social responsibility is more focused on efforts to build the legitimacy of the company in the eyes of stakeholders in an effort to improve profitability and good name of the company, all of which leads to increased corporate value in the eyes of investors and governments and to gain legitimacy from the public. This study aims to capture the opaque side of the companys business practices, where CSR programs are used as masks to cover the various negative impacts caused by the companys business activities. This research method uses a critical qualitative approach with the consideration that qualitative methods can help researchers to reveal the negative impacts caused by exploitation and exploitation of natural resources conducted by companies to pursue profit. Epistemology Bourdieu is used as a scalpel to criticize the existing phenomenon. The results show that during this time the company made CSR as a means of imaging to gain recognition as a good citizen, whereas in reality CSR is not done to stakeholders but aims to cover the various ugliness of the company. Keywords: CSR, Stakeholder, Social Reality, Imaging PermaLink | Plain Format

70	ABS-36	Socio-economic issues
Transparency, Ethical Disaster and Public Sector Corruption Control in Indonesia Marselinus Asri; Muhammad Ali Atma Jaya Makassar University; Hasanuddin University Abstract abstract Research aims to test variable transparancy for corruption control in local government. This research was conducted by taking the object at the municipal district government in South Sulawesi The type of data used in this study is the primary data. Respondents answered research Question about the transparency of local government, ethical disaster, and quality of service, data collection by conducting survey respondents. Research analysis conducted at the time of research or ongoing conditions, including commitment, data sources, facilities and infrastructure, information systems, and the basics obstacles in the implementation of E-government. Empirical findings is that there are interaction effects associated with public transparancy that reduce ethical disaster. The impact of corruption on public manifests itself in such a way as to deny transparancy with corruption. There are interaction effects associated with public responsivnes and information and knowledge that reduce ethical disaster. The corruption impact on governance is very negative and reduce of quality of service. Local government should be effective, efficient, inclusive public administration that offers a high degree of flexibility and efficiency for citizens. E-government revitalization is increasingly needed to control the disaster of corruption Keywords: Transparency,ethical disaster and corruption control Keywords: Transparency,ethical disaster and corruption control PermaLink | Plain Format

71	ABS-40	Socio-economic issues
Intention To Return After Disaster Hikmah(1), Abdul Razak Munir(2), Nurdin(3) 1. Management, STIM Lasharan Jaya Makassar, Hikmahnurdin77[at]gmail.com 2. Faculty of Economic and Business, Hasanudddin University, 3. Tourism Management, STIPAR Tamalatea Makassar Abstract This article discusses about intention to return after disaster. One of the issues that have recently surfaced in South Sulawesi is environmental issues and protection of natural resources. Natural disasters cannot be avoided, but the effort to avoid the fall of many victims is a matter of serious consideration. Natural disasters that occur in a tourism destination can be positive or negative. The purpose of this research was to contribute to the understanding of tourists reactions towards a tourism destination after a natural disaster and their influences on future visit intention. Being that the survey developed for this study examined the effects of a natural disaster on the behavioral intention to return a destination particularly natural attraction, the perceived risk, destination image and travel motivation to intention to return. In this study researchers set as many as 100 respondents. Analytical tool used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM is a multivariate statistical technique that allows testing of a series of causal relationships between variables simultaneously so as to provide statistically efficiency. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between Perceived Risk, Destination Image and Travel Motivation on intention to return after disaster. Keywords: Perceived Risk; Destination Image; Travel Motivation; disaster PermaLink | Plain Format

72	ABS-45	Socio-economic issues
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN FINANCIAL TARGETS AND EXTERNAL PRESSURE Ana Mardiana (a*), Muhammad Ali (b),Harryanto (b), Yohanis Rura (b) a. Atma Jaya Makassar University *ana.mardiana1902[at]gmail.com b. Hasanuddin University Abstract This study aims to examine and analyze the effects of financial targets and external pressure on financial statement fraud with Corporate Governance as a moderating variable. Fraud triangle is the main thing that causes the company to do Fraud. This research establishes good corporate governance in order to minimize and prevent financial statement fraud. Fraud indicates a lack of control by company management. The study population is all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample was chosen using purposive random sampling method. The number of samples produced by this method is 145 companies that have a full report for 2011-2015. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results show financial targets effect on financial statement fraud. External Pressure affect the financial statement fraud. Corporate Governance functions as a moderating variable between financial targets and financial statement fraud. Corporate Governance functions as a moderating variable between external pressure and financial statement fraud Keywords: financial statement fraud, corporate governance, external pressure, financial targets PermaLink | Plain Format

73	ABS-48	Socio-economic issues
A Transportation Mode Choice Model for Community in Mamminasata Metropolitan Murshal Manaf Bosowa University, Makassar Abstract The selection of community transport mode is the result of transactions between supply and demand activities and depends on the position of each mode associated with its competitors. In Indonesia, the selection of metropolitan community modes is not based on the function of socio-economic characteristics of a person, movement system, and level of service mode. The model of the current mode selection function is based only on the approximate choice of modes, regardless of how the process of selecting the modes in real terms. This study intends to complement the mode of transportation mode selection function in Mamminasa Metropolitan. Specifically do with two objective, first, to examine the model function of transportation mode selection based on socio-economic characteristics of community, movement network and transportation mode services; second, to examine the relationship between the variables forming the function of the utility choice and the validity level of the chosen function model through the detailed searching of the explanatory variables of the mode of transportation selection, based on the perception of the communitys wishes and explaining the probability of individuals in choosing the mode of transportation. Data collection options in Mamminasata metropolitan main corridor movement, due to the uniqueness of activity between regions, the volume of traffic community is relatively high compared to other regions. Given the complexity of coverage, this paper is restricted to the motorized transport modes with the type of movement of the home base trip. Application of Multinomial Logistic Regression method was used to examine variables are influential in the choice of transportation mode selection through a proportionate stratified random sampling of primary data questionnaire. The implications of this research are mainly in strengthening the function of a more complete mode selection system that describes the process of selecting, demanding and transport mode capabilities, contributing to the development of transportation planning and modeling. While the benefits are expected as a tool of policy interventions in handling transportation issues metropolitan in Indonesia. Keywords: Transportation Mode Choice, community, multinomial logistic regression, Mamminasata Metropolitan PermaLink | Plain Format

74	ABS-52	Socio-economic issues
STRATEGY OF NATURAL DISASTER RESPONSE BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM AT MARITIME SOCIETY IN BARRU DISTRICT Hamka Naping, Safriadi, Icha Musywirah Faculty of social and political sciences, Hasanuddin university Abstract Indonesia is an archipelago-shaped maritime country, having a territorial sea area of 3,288,683 km2 with a coastline length of 95,161 km. lies along the equator, between the continents of Asia and Australia. Residents living in coastal areas form a community known as the maritime community. In South Sulawesi, especially the west and east coasts, maritime communities occupy areas that are geographically vulnerable to disasters. An actual empirical maritime community in South Sulawesi, able to survive because it successfully developed an adaptive mechanism in overcoming various disasters that occur. The adaptive capacity possessed is summed up in a potential called local wisdom, which includes a belief system, a knowledge system and a value system and a habitual pattern that is continuously inherited from generation to generation. In the perspective of theory, disasters that occur in a society are divided into two types, namely natural disasters caused by natural events such as earthquakes, landslides, winds and others, and social disasters caused by human behavior. The focus of this research is to explain how the characteristics of disaster happened to the maritime community, and how socio-cultural potentials are owned by the community as a coping strategy, how to apply local wisdom as a disaster mitigation effort, and how to understand and handle the disaster. The description of the problem provides a complete picture of how the sociocultural strategies used by maritime communities in the coastal areas cope with the disaster that afflicts them to survive and exist. This research is ethnographic with the qualitative approach, conducted in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. Data collection through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and literature review. The study finds that maritime communities in Barru District are familiar with a number of disaster characteristics such as whirlwinds, seasonal disasters, fire disasters, and floods. They overcame these natural disasters by exploiting their local wisdom in the form of belief systems, knowledge systems, and customs to exert wind power so that the scale of damage is smaller. Similarly, the fire disaster is overcome by reading certain verses in the Quran while being observed near the burning fire, believed to be able to reduce the anger of fire. Flood disaster is overcome with various treatments directed to the water ruler and the ruler of the river in the form of ritual. This study concludes that the socio-cultural potential in the form of local wisdom possessed by the maritime community is an adaptive mechanism for overcoming and mitigating disasters. Keywords: Disaster Mitigation; Local Wisdom ; Maritime society PermaLink | Plain Format

75	ABS-82	Socio-economic issues
RELIGIUSITY AND MORALITY REDUCING DYSFUNCTIONALITY GOVERNMENT AUDITORS Diah Ayu Gustiningsih (a), Sitti Ramlah (a), Arman Kamal(a), Ramly (b) (a) STIE Tri Dharma Nusantara (b) Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Abstract This study examines how to reduce auditor dysfunctionality by bringing religiosity in morale. This research conducted experiments to the students as much as 32 people, with 2x2 factorial. The results showed that there is a difference between the tendency of individuals to perform dysfunctionalities between individuals who have high moral level with low moral level and As for the difference in religiosity does not play a role in reducing the tendency of dysfunctionality of a person. Keywords: religiosity, morality, dysfunctionality PermaLink | Plain Format

76	ABS-84	Socio-economic issues
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE (Case Study at PT. Semen Tonasa) Linda Arisanty Razak (a*), Ismail (a**), Ishak (b), Muh.Yamin (c), Arzal Syah (d) (a) University of Muhammadiyah Makassar (b) STIEM Bongaya Makassar (c) STAIN Bone (d) Andi Djemma University Palopo Abstract This study aims to determine how the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Financial Performance at PT. Semen Tonasa. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The data analysis technique used in the study was descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of data analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that Corporate Social Responsibility does not affect the financial performance proxied in Return On Assets (ROA), this is because the size of the companys ROA will not affect the disclosure of social responsibility by the company. Companies that have large assets do not necessarily pay attention to or show good performance through their concern for the social environment. Corporate Social Responsibility affects the financial performance proxied by Return On Equity (ROE), this means that the higher the CSR disclosure, the more ROE will increase, this shows that broad disclosures provide a positive signal to interested parties and Corporate Social Responsibility does not affect the financial performance proxied in Earning Per Share (EPS), this is because the size of the companys EPS will not affect the disclosure of social responsibility by the company, it is possible because the number of shares circulating in the company is less than optimal. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Earning Per Share (EPS). PermaLink | Plain Format

77	ABS-85	Socio-economic issues
DEVELOPMENT AND FEASIBILITY OF PADDY PRODUCTION USING SEVERAL VARIETIES OF PADDY IN SOUTH SULAWESI Eka Triana Yuniarsih And Abdul Wahid Agricultural Technology Research Center of South Sulawesi Abstract Rice as a national strategic commodity to meet national food in the framework of food security, increased production and productivity become the main target. So the breakthrough program was launched through the Integrated Crop Management (PTT) program. The study was conducted in Maros Regency at the location of rice PTT and testing new rice varieties (VUB). The results showed that Maros Regency has the potential to develop wetland rice. This is supported by land resources and human resources (farmers). Testing of VUB rice in Maros Regency area is able to provide productivity improvement. The existing rice productivity from 4.67 ton / ha to 7.41 ton / ha. Management of new superior rice varieties with PTT approach. New superior rice varieties are able to give Rp. 15.455.800, - per ha. The value of R / C in rice farming at PTT sites was 5.06. Newly introduced rice varieties provide higher levels of productivity than existing rice varieties, improved new rice varieties need to be developed and used by farmers. Guidance is made to combined farmer groups to become the Implementing Unit of the source seed providers to meet the needs of groups supported by local government regulations. Keywords: Paddy Farm Management System, New Superior Variety, Productivity PermaLink | Plain Format

78	ABS-89	Socio-economic issues
Vulnerability and Adaptive Strategies on Duck Breeder in Pinrang District, Indonesia Kasmiyati Kasim1, Darmawan Salman2, Ahmad R. Siregar1, Rahmawati. A. Nadja2, Asmita Ahmad3 Hasanuddin University Abstract In Pinrang regency of South Sulawesi, there is a livelihood system based on duck integration with paddy field that is not permanent in a location but moves by using the harvested fields. The purpose of this study was to analyze the vulnerabilities faced by duck breeders and to identify adaptive strategies in addressing these vulnerabilities. This research using a qualitative approach and research design using a case study. The implementation of this research begins in Pinrang Regency which is the starting point of the movement of duck breeding farm then continues on location/region according to the movement of duck breeding farm. The results of the study found that the context of vulnerability faced by duck breeders were seasonal changes and location changes. An adaptive strategy for duck breeders to survive was to choose the location of duck transfer, entrust ducks to group members/friends if they did not get the location, borrow money, saving, selling the assets, and strategies to combine some livelihood funds. The moving duck farmers could survive by using the adaptive strategies and face up the vulnerability. Keywords: vulnerability, moving duck breeders, adaptive strategy. PermaLink | Plain Format

79	ABS-90	Socio-economic issues
HOUSEHOLD ADAPTATION STRATEGY IN DEALING WITH ECOLOGICAL ESTABLISHMENT IN EXPANSION OF PALM PLANTATION IN MAMUJU CENTRAL DISTRICT, INDONESIA ReniFatmasari (a*), Rahim Darma(b), Darmawan Salman(b), Yunus Musa (b) a. Graduate School of Hasanuddin University Jl.Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10 Makassar SulSel Indonesia/UNISMUH Makassar Jl. Sultan Alauddin No 259 Makassar SulSel Indonesia *reni.fatmasari[at]unimuh.ac.id b. Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Jl.Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10 Makassar SulSel Indonesia Abstract Oil palm expansion occurs massively in several regions in Indonesia, one of them is in Mamuju Tengah Regency. Area of oil palm plantations in the Year 2014 covering 25,220 Ha and in the Year 2016 increased to 45,562 Ha. The impact of expansion of oil palm plantations resulted in the ecological vulnerability of the soil becomes so dry that it is not suitable anymore planted with Rice and the explosion of the number of pest populations of rats that attack rice plants so that farmers often experience crop failure. This condition became the pressure that shook the livelihood of farmer households in Central Mamuju District. Agricultural data showed a decrease of harvested area of paddy in Central Mamuju Regency since 2010 of 29,627 Ha to 11,189 Ha. The objective of this research is to know the adaptation strategy of farmer household in facing ecological vulnerability behind oil palm expansion. The results showed that the farmers households did some coping strategies, such as: selling paddy fields, converting paddy fields into oil palm plantations, giving them paddy fields to work on others and he while looking for other job such as palm oil workers. Keywords: oil palm expansion, ecological vulnerability, coping strategies PermaLink | Plain Format

80	ABS-92	Socio-economic issues
Strategy of Agrarian-Forestry Crisis Management: Participation, Collaboration and Conflict Sri Jumiyati1, Muhammad Arsyad2, Dwia Aries Tina Pulubuhu3, Rajindra4, Abdul Hadid5 1,4 Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, Indonesia 2,3 Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, Indonesia 5 Universitas Tadulako Palu, Indonesia Abstract The presence of communities in conservation areas provides chronic and systemic problems on land and biological resources and potentially to become agrarian-forestry conflicts. The existence is often interpreted as a threat that will impact on the occurrence of ecosystem crisis with the increasing intensity and scale of natural disasters that led to social-economic and environmental catastrophe. This paper deals with dilemma questions from the Dongi-dongi community, Sigi Regency, Indonesia on social justice or conservation, human or environment? The research employed qualitative descriptive method to decompose the source and root of conflict, while Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to examine the implications of land conflict on socio-economic and environmental aspects. SWOT analysis directly directed to determine strategy for reducing conflict and agrarian-forestry crisis. The results show that agrarian-forestry conflicts can be reduced by prioritizing community-based forest management in terms of participation and collaboration (socio-economic and ecological aspects) through clarity of forest management structures and institutions, land tenure and utilization systems. In addition, avoiding conflicts through border setting and legitimacy. In this case, there should be a clear understanding that conversion of forest land to economic and environmentally insecure causes not only forest destruction but also natural disasters such as floods, drought, land erosion and socio-economic problems (declining quality of life, destruction local cultural arrangements and the loss of endemic flora and fauna species). Keywords: Agrarian-forestry, participation, collaboration, conflict. PermaLink | Plain Format

81	ABS-94	Socio-economic issues
FARM HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY BEHIND LAND CONVERSION FOR PALM OIL Dewi Puspitasari1*, Darmawan Salman2, Didi Rukmana2, Eymal.Demmalino2 1*Post-Graduate Students of Hasanuddin University, Makassar South Sulawesi, Indonesia Email : dewi.puspitasari[at]unismuh.ac.id 2Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar South Sulawesi, Indonesia Abstract The development of oil palm plantations has pushed for massive land-use change in Indonesia. As is the case in the District of Penrang, Wajo district. There are approximately 1,000 ha of agricultural land converted into oil palm plantations from 18,000 ha of land planned to be developed. The transformation of agricultural land into a palm oil plantation area with a partnership system has an impact on the limitations of the community in managing and accessing their land. Farming activities for both rice and other commodities such as cashew and others, and cattle grazing activities are no longer feasible on agricultural lands that have been planted for oil palm plantation. This condition triggers a shock to the livelihood system of farm households. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the vulnerability process and how communities conduct livelihood strategies to restore economic conditions and household livelihoods. This study used snowball sampling and indepth interview conducted in 2 villages namely Temmabarang village and Taddangpalie village, Penrang sub district. The results of the research indicate that there are some farmers households experiencing vulnerability due to land conversion in the form of vulnerability due to permanent disability due to workplace accident (shock), vulnerability in obtaining food (trend), and the vulnerability that forced the community to sell the assets (season) . And there is a change of income, asset ownership, expenditure, and resources that result in changes in the typology of livelihood strategies from the survival stage to consolidation in converting households. Keywords: land conversion, Household Vulnerability, adaptive strategy PermaLink | Plain Format

82	ABS-95	Socio-economic issues
Adaptive strategies of livestock waste processing technology to vulnerability availability of animal feed Jumriah Syam1,2, Darmawan Salman3, Syamsuddin Hasan4, Ismartoyo4, Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin4 1Post-Graduate Students of Hasanuddin University, Makassar -Indonesia. 2Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Alauddin Makassar- Indonesia. 3Department of Agribusiness, Agricultural Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia 4Faculty of Animal Husbandry of Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia. Abstract The sustainability of technology processing livestock waste resulting in solid or liquid organic manure, as well as biogas has several barriers. One of them is the availability of the main raw materials such as feces and urine. The production of feces and urine are depending on the quantity of the cattle and the feed capacity. Currently, it was difficult to find forage (feeding ground) due to the reduction of grassland, climate change and the conversion of agriculture land into domestic and public facilities. This study aims to identify the adaptive strategy of livestock waste technology facing the vulnerability of the livestock feed ecology. The research was conduct by qualitative approach with comparative case study design on 3 (three) farmer groups at different locations in Pinrang Regency.The result of this research found a several adaptive strategies for the farmers such as: learning technology feed, making feed fermentation (silage) and feed concentrate, livestock pasturing in the rice fields after the harvest, buying land for planting fodder forage (HMT), buying urine and feces other livestock, doing other farm coop sanitation periodically, and takes fodder forage that grew into the roads, fields, and dykes on the embankment. . Keywords: adative strategies , animal feed, livestock waste, technology, vulnerability PermaLink | Plain Format

83	ABS-96	Socio-economic issues
convergence analysis and spatial dependency of economic growth in the districts in central sulawesi province andi darmawati tombolotutu, moh ahlis djirimu, mauled moelyono, lustiawaahmad muhammadiyah university of palu, tadulako university, statistical central bureau of palu Abstract This research aims to analyze the economic growth convergence and spatial dependency in the districts/municipality in Central Sulawesi Province 2010-2014 period. The analysis used panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model and Moran Statistics approach. The results show, firstly no σ-convergence of economic growth in the districts/municipality in Central Sulawesi over the period. These result indicated by the standard deviation and coefficient of variation per capita GDRP is increasing. Second, there is β-convergence conducted by absolute convergence and conditional convergence on economic growth in all district/municipality in Central Sulawesi. Third, life expectancy, mean years of schooling and length of good roadway have significant impact on economic growth in the districts/municipality in Central Sulawesi. Fourth, there is no spatial dependency on economic growth among districts/municipality in Central Sulawesi Province. Keywords: PermaLink | Plain Format

84	ABS-98	Socio-economic issues
Rural Sociology of Urgent Farmers By Local And Non Local People In Muting Untari (a*) , Riza Fachrizal (b) , Nova Monika (b) , Rossa D. Pangaribuan (b) , Diana S. Susanti (b) , Nurcholis (b) a) Agribusiness Deparment, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiry of Musamus Jl. Kamizaun Mopah Lama, Merauke 99600, Indonesia b) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Musamus Abstract The purpose of this study is to know the sociology of farming farmers cassava in Muting District. Research needs to be done because by knowing the pattern and life expectancy of the community at the village level can be the basis for the preparation of planning action of tapioca flour factory development in Merauke. The type of research is field survey research using the method of data acquisition purposive sampling. Results of field data and information indicate that the community in Muting District consists of local and non-local communities. Most people have livelihoods as farmers. Agricultural system applied that is agriculture tradis i onal. Local people for their daily life have livelihoods from hunting, fishing and farming in the garden or yard. The results of hunting, fishing, and cultivation are used for family consumption needs, but if there is a new residue will be sold to the home environment. While non-local farmers have the main livelihood as fruit farmers other than currently farmers working in oil palm plantations that operate the Muting area. Farmers in Muting cultivate cassava in small areas, cassava is only cultivated in the yard and more in family consumption and the largest land area of 1 ha. With 1 ha of planting area, farmers are still experiencing marketing constraints. the marketing constraints of cassava ie the distance to the market center is very far and the cost of transportation is high. If marketed to Muting and the surrounding environment, the low purchasing power of people, because the people in general have a cassava plant even in the yard and was quite consumed by the family. Cassava consumption by the community in Merauke is not a staple food but only as a side food and food diversification efforts are still very low. Keywords: cassava; sociology; rural PermaLink | Plain Format

85	ABS-99	Socio-economic issues
PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING AND BUDGETARY SLACK: ONE CASE IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE Seri Suriani1 , Syamsu Alam2 , Idayanti Nursyamsi3, Mursalim Nohong4 Universitas Bosowa, Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract This study outlines the effect of budgetary participation, information asymmetry, and self-esteem in budgetary slack. This study uses a quantitative approach to promoting cross section observation. The research data was obtained through a questionnaire of 350 eksamplar to officials of echelon III and IV on SKPD and DPRD Banggar South Sulawesi. The eksamplar 350 were returned and 310 respondents declared valid. Data analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). These results indicate that the participation budgeting, information asymmetry positive effect on budgetary slack, while self esteem negatively affect budgetary slack. Keywords: participatory budgeting, information asymmetry, self esteem, budgetary slack. PermaLink | Plain Format

86	ABS-100	Socio-economic issues
The potential of ecotourism development through community involvement to enhance tourism destination performance in tana toraja A S Girikallo1, O R Payangan1,2 Madris1,3 A R Laba1,4 1.Department of Engineering, Akademi Maritim Indonesia, AIPI Makassar, Indonesia asgirikallo[at]yahoo.co.id 2.Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesian otto.unhas.jp[at]gmail.com 3. Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesian madras[at]fe.unhas.ac.id 4. Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesian Jeneponto2000[at]yahoo.com Abstract The design of this study aimed to examine whether factors such as tourism product innovation, tourists satisfaction can affect the performance of tourism destination in Tana Toraja District. The study conducted in three subdistrict namely Sangalla Utara, Makale Selatan and Gandang Batu Sillanan in the period of time from January to November 2018. Objects of study are tourists and Banua Tongkonan (traditional house) of toraja community and additional supporting factors. The population in this study is foreign tourists, travelers archipelago who visited to Tana Toraja and the stakeholders in the local community. Accidental sampling method applied as the sample collection method. There are 250 respondents participated in this study in giving both oral and written answers. The questionnaire distribution, in-depth interview, field observation and literature review carried out for collecting data. Testing the research hypothesis used a software of structural equation modeling (SEM). The result of analysis on one hand shows that there is significant influence of mediation variable on tourist satisfaction between tourism product innovation to tourism destination performance and on the other hand qualitative data were obtained from stakeholders aimed to confirm the output of SEM analysis. Keywords: Tourists, Banua Tongkonan, ecotourism, SEM, tourism product innovation, tourist satisfaction, tourism destination performance PermaLink | Plain Format

87	ABS-102	Socio-economic issues
PROSPECT DEVELOPMENT OF POLYCULTURE PONDS BUSINESS OF TIGER PRAWN (Penaeus monodon) AND MILK FISH (Chanos chanos) IN NORTH BORNEO Sutinah, Alvia Dina Amsari, Sri Suro Adhawaty HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITTTY Abstract This study aims to (1) To know the profit level of polyculture ponds business. (2)To design the prospects development of polyculture ponds business. The research was conducted in Mangkudulis Island, Sesayap Hilir Districts, Tana Tidung Regency, North Borneo on August-October 2017. The population of this research is the polyculture pond of farmer business in Mangkudulis island. Sources of data and secondary data. Analysis of data use in the profit analysis, to know the profit level that it get based on the land area and the analysis SWOT had to design the prospect development of polyculture ponds business.The result of this reaserch, show that the provit average based on the land area peryear ,the highest profit average is 6 Ha IDR 42.428.406/Ha and following land area is 12 Ha IDR 41.461.814/Ha. Analysis data of SWOT, it state that there are four alternative strategy that it takes based on weight assessment in internal factors and eksternal factors polyculture ponds business, is optimalisize the cultivators team work with apparatus involve for the security, optimalisize cultivators skills to use a thecnology to increasing the production to catch request high market, to optimalisize the goverment role to help the cultivators business capital. Keywords: Prospect Development, Cultuvation of polyculture, Tiger Prawn, milk fish PermaLink | Plain Format

88	ABS-104	Socio-economic issues
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE (Case Study at PT. Semen Tonasa) Linda Arisanty Razak (a*), Ismail (a**), Ishak (b), Muh.Yamin (c), Arzal Syah (d) (a) : University of Muhammadiyah Makassar (b) STIEM Bongaya Makassar (c) STAIN BONE (d) Andi Djemma University Palopo Abstract This study aims to determine how the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Financial Performance at PT. Semen Tonasa. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The data analysis technique used in the study was descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of data analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that Corporate Social Responsibility does not affect the financial performance proxied in Return On Assets (ROA), this is because the size of the companys ROA will not affect the disclosure of social responsibility by the company. Companies that have large assets do not necessarily pay attention to or show good performance through their concern for the social environment. Corporate Social Responsibility affects the financial performance proxied by Return On Equity (ROE), this means that the higher the CSR disclosure, the more ROE will increase, this shows that broad disclosures provide a positive signal to interested parties and Corporate Social Responsibility does not affect the financial performance proxied in Earning Per Share (EPS), this is because the size of the companys EPS will not affect the disclosure of social responsibility by the company, it is possible because the number of shares circulating in the company is less than optimal. Keywords: Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Earning Per Share (EPS). PermaLink | Plain Format

89	ABS-110	Socio-economic issues
Financial literacy and competitive advantage: SME strategy in reducing business risk Mursalim Nohong, Muhammad Ali, Cepi Pahlevi, Julius Djilbert, and Muhammad Irfai S Departemen Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UNHAS Abstract This study aims to explain the effect of financial literacy, rational financing decision, capital structure on improving the competitiveness of SMEs in Makassar. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained by using questionnaires and publications related to SMEs. The number of units of analysis used as a sample of respondents are as much as 266 with the consideration that this number has exceeded the minimum sample size in the study as Likert said that the sample was taken at least 30, 50, 75, 100 or multiples thereof. The results showed that financial literacy had a significant and positive effect on capital structure, financial literacy had a positive and significant effect on rational financing decision, rational financing decision had a positive and significant effect on capital structure, rational financing decision had a positive and significant effect on risk management, a positive and significant effect competitiveness, capital structure has a positive and significant effect on competitiveness and capital structure has a positive and significant effect on risk management. In addition, there was also a significant indirect effect between financial literacy on competitiveness through the capital structure. The coefficient with positive sign means that the higher the financial literacy, the higher the competitiveness through the capital structure. There is also a significant indirect effect between financial literacy on risk management through capital structure. This means that the higher the financial literacy, the higher the risk management effort through the capital structure. Keywords: financial literacy, competitiveness, risk management PermaLink | Plain Format

90	ABS-111	Socio-economic issues
Mediation Effect of Acculturative Aesthetic Attractiveness on the relation of Product Innovation to increase SMEs Marketing Performance. Maat Pono (a*), Abdul Razak Munir (a), Jumidah Maming (a), Nuraeni Kadir (a) Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Makassar, 90245, Indonesia. *maatpono[at]yahoo.com Abstract One of the weaknesses of SMEs in many previous studies is Marketing Performance. This study aims to fill the research gap between product innovation capabilities and enrich marketing performance. This study offers the concept of Acculturative Aesthetic Attractiveness to bridge the gap between Product Innovation Capabilities in improving Marketing Performance. The data is taken from the SMEs population in the South Sulawesi Province as much as 115. The analysis is carried out descriptively and inferentially using Structural Equation Modeling to test the research model consisting of 3 (three) proposed hypotheses. The results of the study show that product innovation capability has a direct effect on marketing performance, Acculturative Aesthetic Attractiveness has a direct effect on marketing performance, and Product Innovation Capability has an indirect effect on Marketing Performance through Acculturative Aesthetic Attractiveness. Aesthetic Attractiveness is a mediator in the relation of product innovation capability with marketing performance. Keywords: Product Innovation Capabilities; Marketing Performance; Acculturative Aesthetic Attractiveness PermaLink | Plain Format

91	ABS-112	Socio-economic issues
Supply Chain Collaboration and Its Effect on SMEs Competitiveness of Seaweed Business Sector in Takalar Regency Armayah, Sumardi, Kasman Damang, Musran Munizu Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University Abstract Supply chain collaboration is an important element in creating both an efficient and competitive supply chain system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of (1) information quality toward competitiveness; (2) information sharing toward competitiveness; (3) alignment of incentives toward competitiveness; and (4) joint decision-making toward SMEss Competitiveness of seaweed business sector in Takalar Regency. The population of this study was SMEs of seaweed business sector with a total of 340 business units. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. Then, the number of samples was 110 business units. Method of analysis used in this study was descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling analysis. The results showed that information quality has a significant effect on competitiveness. Information sharing also has a significant effect on competitiveness. Incentive alignment has a significant effect on competitiveness. Joint decision-making has a significant effect on competitiveness. In addition, the variable of competitiveness was greater influenced by information sharing, compared to information quality, incentive alignment, and joint decision-making variables Keywords: supply chain collaboration, competitiveness, SMEs of seaweed business sector PermaLink | Plain Format

92	ABS-113	Socio-economic issues
A Study on Priority Factors of Competitiveness and Performance of Manufacturing Companies Using Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP) Musran Munizu, Kasman Damang, Armayah, Muhammad Asdar, Nurdin Brasit Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University Abstract Implementation of some best management practices such as supply chain management, total quality management, and quality culture can encourage increased competitiveness and business performance. The purpose of this study was to identify and validate the priority factors that determine the competitiveness and performance of manufacturing companies in South Sulawesi. This study was conducted in Makassar City, Gowa Regency, and Maros Regency. The key informant in this study consists of managers, governments, associations, and universities with purposive sampling technique. Method of data analysis used descriptive statistics and analytical hierarchy processes (AHP). The results showed that competitiveness and performance of manufacturing companies is determined by some priority factors, namely the companys partnership with its suppliers and customers, information sharing, management supervision policies, cost efficiency policies, product quality, innovation capabilities, speed of product delivery, flexibility, long-term relationship orientation with partners, and service mission based on customer need. In addition, increasing competitiveness and performance of manufacturing companies is also determined by the dynamics of the business environment and government policies support. Keywords: Priority factors, competitiveness, business performance, manufacturing industry PermaLink | Plain Format

93	ABS-114	Socio-economic issues
Effect of Use of Information Technology on Innovation Capability, Competitiveness, and Firm performance: Case of Manufacturing Industry in South Sulawesi Syamsu Alam, Musran Munizu, Julius Jillbert Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of information technology on innovation capability, competitiveness, and firm performance. To examine the effect of innovation capability on competitiveness, and firm performance. Then, to test the effect of competitiveness on firm performance. The population of this study was a number of medium and large-scale manufacturing companies in Makassar City and Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The number of samples was 160 units of manufacturing companies. Method of analysis used descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling analysis. The results showed that information technology has a direct and positive effect on innovation capability, competitiveness, and firm performance. Innovation capability has a direct and positive effect on competitiveness, and firm performance. Competitiveness has a positive effect on firm performance. In addition, the firm performance can be improved directly through the use of information technology, innovation capability, and competitiveness. The firm performance can be increased indirectly through improvements some indicators of innovation capability variable, and competitiveness Keywords: Use of information technology, innovation capability, competitiveness, firm performance, manufacturing industry PermaLink | Plain Format

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